Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are electrically driven materials that undergo bending deformations in the presence of relatively low external voltages, exhibiting a great potential as actuators applications soft robotics, microrobotics, and bioengineering, among others. This paper presents an artificial eukaryotic flagellum (AEF) swimming robot made up IPMC segments for study planar wav...

We are concerned with a model of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) materials that consists of a coupled system of the Poisson and Nernst-Planck equations, discretized by means of the finite element method (FEM). We show that due to the transient character of the problem it is efficient to use adaptive algorithms that are capable of changing the mesh dynamically in time. We also show that due...