The purpose of this review is to showcase the present capabilities of ambient sampling and ionisation technologies for the analysis of polymers and polymer additives by mass spectrometry (MS) while simultaneously highlighting their advantages and limitations in a critical fashion. To qualify as an ambient ionisation technique, the method must be able to probe the surface of solid or liquid samp...

We have investigated the ionisation structure of the post-shock regions of magnetic cataclysmic variables using an analytic density and temperature structure model in which effects due to bremsstrahlung and cyclotron cooling are considered. We find that in the majority of the shock-heated region where Hand He-like lines of the heavy elements are emitted, the collisional-ionisation and corona-co...

We calculate the ionisation fraction in protostellar disk models using two different gas–phase chemical networks, and examine the effect of turbulent mixing by modelling the diffusion of chemical species vertically through the disk. The aim is to determine in which regions of the disk gas can couple to a magnetic field and sustain MHD turbulence. The disk models are conventional α–disks, and th...