ABSTRACTIntroduction: The bioactivity property of pulp capping materials is determined by the hydroxyl ion release ability, which may alter environmental pH to become alkaline. Calcium silicate-based are antibacterial, able induce reparative dentin and have a good bacteria-tight seal. poor handling calcium can be overcome adding resin, so will easier handle. Therefore, purpose this study was sy...

Haloalkane dehalogenase (DhlA) hydrolyzes short-chain haloalkanes to produce the corresponding alcohols and halide ions. Release of the halide ion from the active-site cavity can proceed via a two-step and a three-step route, which both contain slow enzyme isomerization steps. Thermodynamic analysis of bromide binding and release showed that the slow unimolecular isomerization steps in the thre...

S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase is irreversibly inactivated by (E)-5',6'-didehydro-6'-deoxy-6'-halohomoadenosines (EDDHHAs, halogen = I, Br, and Cl). The inactivation is concomitant with the reduction of the enzyme-bound NAD+ (E.NAD+) to NADH, the release of halide ion, and the formation of adenine (Ade) from the EDDHHAs. The mechanism of this inactivation involves two catalytic pathw...

Astrocytes participate in information processing by actively modulating synaptic properties via gliotransmitter release. Various mechanisms of astrocytic release have been reported, including release from storage organelles via exocytosis and release from the cytosol via plasma membrane ion channels and pumps. It is still not fully clear which mechanisms operate under which conditions, but some...

Secondary active transporters, such as those that adopt the leucine-transporter fold, are found in all domains of life, and they have the unique capability of harnessing the energy stored in ion gradients to accumulate small molecules essential for life as well as expel toxic and harmful compounds. How these proteins couple ion binding and transport to the concomitant flow of substrates is a fu...

Low-cost detection of pathogens and biomolecules at the point-of-care promises to revolutionize medicine through more individualized monitoring and increased accessibility to diagnostics in remote and resource-limited areas. While many approaches to biosensing are still limited by expensive components or inadequate portability, we present here an ELISA-inspired lab-on-a-chip strategy for biolog...

[1] It is shown that intense ion cyclotron turbulence can be induced in the near-Earth space by shaped release of neutral gas of materials such as lithium, cesium, etc. Release of 1 ton of neutral lithium gas in the Earth’s equatorial plane at L = 2 can introduce about 30 GJ of energy which can be used to excite waves around the lithium ion cyclotron harmonics that readily evolves into the turb...

2. Evidence for A m i n o Acids as T ransmi t t e r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2.1. Synthesis and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 2.2. Synapt ic Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 2.3. Postsynapt ic Act ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 2.4. Postsynapt ic An tagon i s t s . . . ....