Among the key environmental factors influencing the fate and transport of radionuclides in the environment is natural organic matter (NOM). While this has been known for decades, there still remains great uncertainty in predicting NOM-radionuclide interactions because of lack of understanding of radionuclide interactions with the specific organic moieties within NOM. Furthermore, radionuclide-N...

OBJECTIVE Excess iodine and some iodine-containing compounds are known to affect various parameters of thyroid function. Lecithin-bound iodine (LBI) is a compound which induces involution of an enlarged thyroid. LBI was tested for its ability to affect thyroid ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and apoptosis. METHODS LBI was given orally to propylthiouracil-pretreated rats and the changes...

The iodine L3-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) of organic and inorganic iodine compounds with formal iodine oxidation states ranging from -1 to +7 shows edge energies spanning from 4560.8 eV to 4572.5 eV. These were used to calibrate the oxidation state of iodine in a unique iron complex of iodosylbenzene (PhIO), [Fe(tpena)OIPh]2+ (tpena- = N,N,N'-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylened...

As a tool with which to detect iodinated compounds in human thyroid specimens, we have reevaluated a nonincineration technique which has so far been employed in the determination of thyroxine-iodine in peripheral blood. The catalytic action of iodoamino acids in the Ce-As reaction was enhanced by a small amount of Cl2. On the contrary, a large amount of Cl2 inhibited the reaction unexpectedly. ...

iodine is essential element in thyroid hormones synthesis and normal growth and development of the brain. milk and iodine concentrations can be appropriate indicator of body iodine status; in this study, we evaluated the concentrations of urine and milk iodine in newborns and their mothers.in a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013, urine and milk iodine in 106 neonates and their mothers refe...

THE increasing interest of biochemists in sulphydryl compounds has led to the necessity of finding some method for the accurate determination of these substances. That the problem is complex may be judged from the number of papers proposing new methods or modifications of old ones. The original procedure of Rosenheim and Davidsohn [1904] for the volumetric estimation of thiol acids by the use o...

Iodine species in the troposphere are linked to ozone depletion and new particle formation. In this study, a full year of iodine monoxide (IO) columns retrieved from measurements of the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument is presented, coupled with a discussion of their uncertainties and the detection limits. The largest amounts of IO are found near springtime in the Antarctic. A seasonal variation ...

The chemistry of hypervalent iodine(III) compounds has gained great interest over the past 30 years. Hypervalent iodine(III) compounds show valuable ionic reactivity due to their high electrophilicity but also express radical reactivity as single electron oxidants for carbon and heteroatom radical generation. Looking at ionic chemistry, these iodine(III) reagents can act as electrophiles to eff...

During a hypothetical nuclear reactor accident with core damage the fission products released from the degrading fuel bundles often pass through aqueous beds before entering the containment, mitigating in part the source term. Several computer codes have been developed for predicting the fission product and aerosols removal in pool scrubbing scenarios. In addition to particle removal, these cod...

Kazuaki Ishihara While the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001 was awarded to Knowles, Noyori, and Sharpless for development of asymmetric catalytic reactions using metal-based catalysts, 2021 List MacMillan organocatalysis. This timeline serves highlight two crucial points: 1. Catalysis, i. e., cost-, energy-, atom-efficient remain paramount importance human society; 2. Focus has shifted from (trans...