Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne filamentous fungus causing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. Only a limited number of determinants directly associated with virulence are known, and the metabolic requirements of the fungus to grow inside a host have not yet been investigated. Previous studies on pathogenic microorganisms, i.e., the bacterium Mycobacter...

Tracheobronchial aspergillosis mainly involves the trachea, primary bronchus and segmental bronchus. the main symptoms including dyspnea, asthma and cough [1]. Based on clinical, bronchoscopic, and pathological presentations, Kramer and coworkers proposed a classification of tracheobronchial aspergillosis, they distinguished saprophytic, allergic, and invasive tracheobronchial aspergillosis (IT...

Discrimination between nosocomial and community infections is important for investigation and prevention. Nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections require appropriate hospital control measures to avert additional cases. Nosocomial infections (NI) occur during hospitalization or are caused by microorganisms acquired during hospital stay. Such infections should not be evident when patients are...

Aspergillus fumigatus, the major cause of life threatening invasive aspergillosis (IA), is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus to which humans are exposed daily in most parts of the world. The infection is initiated by inhalation of conidia, which are cleared quickly in a normal host but can cause invasive disease in immunocompromised individuals [1,2]. The following features make A. fumigatus a ub...

Aspergillus disease affects a broad patient population, from patients with asthma to immunocompromised patients. Azole resistance has been increasingly reported in both clinical and environmental Aspergillus strains. The prevalence and clinical impact of azole resistance in different patient populations are currently unclear. This 1-year prospective multicenter cohort study aimed to provide det...

We report a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient taking ibrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We hypothesize that ibrutinib promoted this infection by suppressing innate immune responses against Aspergillus. Clinicians should be aware of potential Aspergillus infections in patients treated with this drug.