We derive a complete set of invariants for a formal Bishop surface near a point of complex tangent with a vanishing Bishop invariant under the action of formal transformations. We prove that the modular space of Bishop surfaces with a vanishing Bishop invariant and with a fixed Moser invariant s < ∞ is of infinite dimension. We also prove that the equivalence class of the germ of a generic real...

In this paper, we propose the volume between two surfaces normalized by the surface area (interpreted as average distance between two surfaces) as an invariant quantitative measure for comparing surface reconstruction results of the explicit form, z(x; y). The invariant property of the volume quantity provides the same measure with respect to an arbitrary coordinate system. By normalizing the v...

the wiener polarity index wp(g) of a molecular graph g of order n is the number ofunordered pairs of vertices u, v of g such that the distance d(u,v) between u and v is 3. in anearlier paper, some extremal properties of this graph invariant in the class of catacondensedhexagonal systems and fullerene graphs were investigated. in this paper, some new bounds forthis graph invariant are presented....

‎We consider the oscillator group equipped with‎ ‎a biinvariant Lorentzian metric‎. ‎Some geometrical properties of this space and the harmonicity properties of left-invariant vector fields on this space are determined‎. ‎In some cases‎, ‎all these vector fields are critical points for the energy functional‎ ‎restricted to vector fields‎. ‎Left-invariant vector fields defining harmonic maps are...

A three-dimensional strong-topological insulator or semimetal hosts topological surface states which are often said to be gapless so long as time-reversal symmetry is preserved. This narrative can be mistaken when surface state degeneracies occur away from time-reversal-invariant momenta. The mirror invariance of the system then becomes essential in protecting the existence of a surface Fermi s...

for a simple connected graph $g$ with $n$-vertices having laplacian eigenvalues‎ ‎$mu_1$‎, ‎$mu_2$‎, ‎$dots$‎, ‎$mu_{n-1}$‎, ‎$mu_n=0$‎, ‎and signless laplacian eigenvalues $q_1‎, ‎q_2,dots‎, ‎q_n$‎, ‎the laplacian-energy-like invariant($lel$) and the incidence energy ($ie$) of a graph $g$ are respectively defined as $lel(g)=sum_{i=1}^{n-1}sqrt{mu_i}$ and $ie(g)=sum_{i=1}^{n}sqrt{q_i}$‎. ‎in th...

We prove that the natural invariant surface associated with the billiard game on an irrational polygonal table is homeomorphic to the Loch Ness monster, that is, the only orientable infinite genus real topological surface with exactly one end.

We investigate shift invariant subspaces of $L^2(G)$, where $G$ is a locally compact abelian group. We show that every shift invariant space can be decomposed as an orthogonal sum of spaces each of which is generated by a single function whose shifts form a Parseval frame. For a second countable locally compact abelian group $G$ we prove a useful Hilbert space isomorphism, introduce range funct...