We associate to a compact spin manifoldM a real-valued invariant τ(M) by taking the supremum over all conformal classes over the infimum inside each conformal class of the first positive Dirac eigenvalue, normalized to volume 1. This invariant is a spinorial analogue of Schoen’s σ-constant, also known as the smooth Yamabe number. We prove that if N is obtained fromM by surgery of codimension at...