Introduction: Unsustainable natural resources utilization is on the increase in the developing countries thus the ability of many local communities to meet their basic needs including food, water and shelter is jeopardized. Uncontrolled gold-mining in Sikasso region is one such an anthropogenic activity that is of great environmental concern to the local and national governments of Mali owing t...

Introduction: The groundwater is the main resource of water. This study aimed to investigate water quality variations in the villages of AqQala in a eleven-year period as well as designing and implementing the Water Quality Index (WQI). Materials and Methods: In order to investigate water quality variations, the data in the villages of AqQala city was collected in an eleven-year period (2005-2...

More than a billion people have limited access to safe drinking water; over 2 million die each year from water-related diarrhea, which is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in less economically developed countries (UNICEF and WHO, 2009). In more economically developed countries, increasing demands on water resources raise concerns about sustainable provision of safe drinking w...

This paper investigates the returns to forward bias-trading in dynamic multi–currency strategies in order to empirically assess the limits to speculation hypothesis in foreign exchange markets. The results suggest that bias–trading strategies allow for economically significant excess returns, represent attractive diversification devices, and contain low downside risk. Furthermore, enriching car...

Excess nutrients in surface water systems cause many environmental problems. Some governments restrict nutrient overloading through nutrient permits. Economic theory states that the best allocation of such permits is made via trading. However, nutrient permit trading is complicated by two factors associated especially with non-point sources: (1) time lags between loading and appearance in a wat...

We consider the problem of efficient mechanism design for multilateral trading of multiple goods with independent private types for players and incomplete information among them. The problem is partly motivated by an efficient resource allocation problem in communication networks where there are both buyers and sellers. In such a setting, ex post budget balance and individual rationality are ke...

Using a proprietary dataset of institutional investors’ equity transactions, we document that institutional trading desks can sustain relative performance over adjacent periods. We find that trading-desk skill is positively correlated with the performance of the institution’s traded portfolio, suggesting that institutions that invest resources in developing execution abilities also invest in ge...