BACKGROUND The positive personality characteristics of optimism, hope, self-esteem, and perceived availability of social support are believed to play an important role in psychological adjustment to stressful life events. For example, these characteristics have been shown to be associated with fewer mood disturbances in response to a variety of stressors. However, relatively little is known abo...

Narcissism, characterized by grandiose self-image and entitled feelings to others, has been increasingly prevalent in the past decades. This study examined genetic and environmental bases of two dimensions of narcissism: intrapersonal grandiosity and interpersonal entitlement. A total of 304 pairs of twins from Beijing, China completed the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale and the Psychological En...

<p class="0abstract">Emotional intelligence is significant, and it an integral key to successful intrapersonal interpersonal relationships. High emotional strengthens individuals with additional abilities skills necessary in personal working life. This study aims develop Nine Layer Pyramid Model Questionnaire, a reliable valid measurement instrument of intelligence, based on the theoretic...