In many viruses, DNA is confined at such high density that its bending rigidity and electrostatic self-repulsion present a strong energy barrier in viral assembly. Therefore, a powerful molecular motor is needed to package the DNA into the viral capsid. Here, we investigate the role of electrostatic repulsion on single DNA packaging dynamics in bacteriophage phi 29 via optical tweezers measurem...

this research examines dynamics and change in the iranian family during the recent half- century especially subsequent to the islamic revolution in 1979. developmental positions and changes are discussed and consideration is given to the extent to which family dynamics and change have been influenced by structural changes or ideational forces. we will focus on ideational forces based on a new a...

Sequences of infinitesimally thin, uniformly rotating, self-gravitating relativistic discs with internal two-dimensional pressure have been constructed. It is shown that in weaker relativistic configurations the sequences undergo a continuous bifurcation from a disc to a ring structure, while in stronger relativistic cases the sequences terminate at the mass-shed limit where gravitational force...

We describe a system for interactive animation of cloth, which can be used in e-commerce applications, games or even in virtual prototyping systems. In order not to restrict the shape of the cloth we use a triangulated mesh, which serves as basis of a mass-spring system. For the animation of the particles internal and external forces are considered. Since cloth is a very rigid material when str...

the rotational friction dampers can be improved the seismic behavior of the steel structures, and they can be reduced the internal forces in the bracing members, columns and the other structural members. in this research, a simple method for modeling and analysis of braced frames equipped by these dampers is proposed. the proposed model describes seismic behavior of dampers very well and it is ...

This paper overviews the whole-body force control framework implemented on the iCub humanoid robot. This framework consists in a hierarchy of two tasks, where the highest priority task is a force control task, and the lowest one a postural task. Forces are regulated to stabilize a desired centroidal dynamics, i.e., a desired linear and angular momentum of the rigid body system. In turn, these f...

Information privacy at the organizational level is receiving increased attention due to the huge amount of personal information being stored, transmitted across national boundaries, and ownership being shared between organizations due to change in business dynamics. This study develops a framework for understanding the mechanisms of information privacy assimilation in Information Technology (IT...

Based on a non classical plate theory, an analytical model is proposed for the first time to analyze free vibration problem of partially cracked thin isotropic submerged plate in the presence of thermal environment. The governing equation for the cracked plate is derived using the Kirchhoff’s thin plate theory and the modified couple stress theory. The crack terms are formulated using simplifie...

A number of external and internal forces are influencing policing efforts to service the community. These external forces include public expectations for traditional services, and the State government’s push towards new public management practices. Internal forces include legacy management practices and inappropriate asset holdings. While there have been a plethora of companies from the private...

In this paper, we represent second-gradient internal work functionals in Lagrangian (referential) and Eulerian (spatial) descriptions, deduce the corresponding expressions for Piola transformations of stress double-stress tensors external forces double-forces. We also derive, both description, expression surface edge contact interactions (which include double-forces) continua terms normal curva...