Background. Previous studies have shown that an external versus the internal focus of attention is an effective and efficient method to improve athleteschr('39') performance under anxious conditions. Objectives. The current study aimed to assess the effect of the practice with a distinct focus of attention on the penalty kicking performance of adolescent soccer players with different expertise...

An artificial neural network is an intelligent system using computers that allows users to improve performance through pattern recognition. Neural networks benchmark their predictions with actual results and constantly revise their predictions, improving forecasting capability. The purpose of this paper is to support the use of neural networks as a detection mechanism tool to discover market in...

We show how standard learning rules can be interpreted as small departures from rationality in the context of an asset pricing model. We propose a distinction between ‘internal rationality’, as agents that maximize discounted expected utility under uncertainty given consistent beliefs about the future, and ‘external rationality’as agents that know perfectly the true stochastic process for funda...

We model a firm’s decisions about quality investment under differing external (market) and internal (cost and revenue) environments. We find that costs and benefits of expending resources on quality improvement depend on the price and quality profiles of competitors, the persistence of reputation in the marketplace, the relative efficacy of quality improvement efforts and the degree to which th...

If so, then it is surprising to realize that research on social motivation usually deals with the nature of the proposed explanatory processes which are assumed to work similar across individuals, and it appears that very little research attention is devoted in this context to individual differences, even though they account probably for the majority of the variance of what research on social m...

Introduction In research, validity refers to the degree to which findings are applicable in real-life situations. Essentially, if the findings are strongly valid, it implies that they have an excellent degree of applicability. In contrast, low validity implies that the survey is not applicable in real-life situations. The specific approach used during research has strong influence on validity. ...