the present research aims to analyze the orthographic errors of german-speaking learners of persian at the elementary level. to do so, pieces of writing of 34 students were gathered via self-motivated method and examined based on the corpus of orthographic errors, using the frameworks proposed by keshavarz (1994) and ziahoseini (1999). 850 phonological, morphological, and orthographical errors ...

The Papillon lexical data base comprises a set of detailed monolingual dictionaries of « lexies » (word senses) interlinked through « axies » (interlingual links) which can also refer to external semanticsoriented systems such as UNL « universal words », Worldnet « synsets », Ontos « concepts » or NTT ALT/JE system « semantic classes ». The basic idea is that bilingual or multitarget usage dict...

One controversy in bilingual language processing research is whether individuals who speak more than one language selectively activate or access lexical representations in a target language, that is the language they are currently using, or whether instead, they nonselectively activate lexical representations in both languages, regardless of the language currently in use. Much of the research f...

Berkeley FrameNet is a lexico-semantic resource for English based on the theory of frame semantics. It has been exploited in a range of natural language processing applications and has inspired the development of framenets for many languages. We present a methodological approach to the extraction and generation of a computational multilingual FrameNet-based grammar and lexicon. The approach lev...

Accurate dependency parsing requires large treebanks, which are only available for a few languages. We propose a method that takes advantage of shared structure across languages to build a mature parser using less training data. We propose a model for learning a shared “universal” parser that operates over an interlingual continuous representation of language, along with language-specific mappi...

We introduce a light-weight interlingua for a crosslanguage document retrieval system in the medical domain. It is composed of equivalence classes of semantically primitive, language-specific subwords which are clustered by interlingual and intralingual synonymy. Each subword cluster represents a basic conceptual entity of the language-independent interlingua. Documents, as well as queries, are...

Incorporating Wordnet or its monolingual followers in modern NLP-based systems already represents a general trend motivated by numerous reports showing significant improvements in the overall performances of these systems. Multilingual wordnets, such as EuroWordNet or BalkaNet, represent one step further with great promises in the domain of multilingual processing. The paper describes one possi...

The development of MT system design is described in four periods: the early experimental period (1946-54), the period of large-scale research on 'direct translation' systems (1956-66), the period after the ALPAC report in which the 'interlingual' and 'transfer' approaches were developed (1966-75), and the current period in which interactive systems and 'artificial intelligence' approaches have ...

This paper describes a multi-site project to annotate the interlingual content of six sizable bilingual parallel corpora. The project addresses several principal problems in parallel: specification of interlingua content and notation, development of reliable annotation methods, and evaluation of annotated corpora. As a by-product, a growing corpus of annotated texts is being produced, which may...

This paper presents the Copa 2014 FrameNet Brasil software (C-14/FN-Br): a frame-based trilingual electronic dictionary covering the domains of Football, Tourism and the World Cup. The dictionary relies on the infrastructure of FrameNet and is meant to be used by tourists, journalists and the staff involved in receiving foreign visitors. Vocabulary from the three domains is made available in En...