interaction of drugs with serum albumin, the most abundant protein in plasma, has a great significance in pharmaceutical sciences. it can affect the biological activity, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of drugs and design of dosages. determination of the impact of chemical modifications of albumin and its structural changes upon interaction with drugs are very important when drugs bind with albu...

We present 2 distinct and independent approaches to deduce the effective interaction strengths between species and apply it to the 20 most abundant species in the long-term 50-ha plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The first approach employs the principle of maximum entropy, and the second uses a stochastic birth-death model. Both approaches yield very similar answers and show that the colle...

From the spectral plot of the (normalized) graph Laplacian, the essential qualitative properties of a network can be simultaneously deduced. Given a class of empirical networks, reconstruction schemes for elucidating the evolutionary dynamics leading to those particular data can then be developed. This method is exemplified for protein-protein interaction networks. Traces of their evolutionary ...

Glasswort(Salicornia europaea L.) as an important halophyte plant is capable to accumulate NaCl in aboveground part (fully edible) in considerable quantity. To evaluate the effect of irrigation levels and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of seed and oil, and also harvest index of Glasswort, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications a...

Two tools are described that help designers visualize the structure of a system in the requirements phase of a project. First, a matrix is constructed that represents the tendency of components to interact. The matrix is derived from sequence diagrams, which in turn are based on textual scenarios. This interaction matrix is transformed into a structure plot of the system, showing a graph of the...

Bleaching herbicides inhibit carotene biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms. The interaction of norflurazon [4-chloro-5-methylamino-2-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridazin-3(2H)one] with its target enzyme phytoene desaturase, has been characterized by enzyme-kinetic studies. A Lineweaver-Burk plot showed a non-competitive manner for norflurazon inhibition. Binding of norflurazon to phytoene de...

The semiconducting ferromagnet CrSiTe3 is a promising candidate for two-dimensional magnet simply by exfoliating down to single layers. To understand the magnetic behavior in thin-film samples and the possible applications, it is necessary to establish the nature of the magnetism in the bulk. In this work, the critical behavior at the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition in single-cry...

This vignette is intended to give a short introduction into the methods of the qualityTools package. The qualityTools package contains methods associated with the Define Measure Analyze Improve and Control (i.e. DMAIC) problem solving cycle of the Six Sigma Quality Management methodology. Usage of these methods is illustrated with the help of artificially created datasets. • Define: Pareto Char...