Drawing upon recent research on the governance effect of information competition among informed investors, we hypothesize a cross-sectional variation in future stock returns that is conditional on information competition. Measuring competition using the concentration of institutional ownership, we show one-quarter-ahead and one-year-ahead returns are increasing in the intensity of information c...

This paper examines conditions under which domestic political institutions mediate the effect of trade competition on regulatory races in the environmental area. We focus on the role of domestic veto players in shaping governments' policy responses to trade competition which are reflected eventually in air (Sulphur dioxide, SO2) and water pollution (Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD) intensity lev...

As females of many species mate with more than one male, ejaculates often face competition from the sperm of other males. In recent years, numerous papers have been published on theoretical predictions of evolutionary, behavioural and physiological responses to variation in the strength of sperm competition (SC). These theoretical predictions have also been extensively tested. However, although...

1. The stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts that the frequency of facilitative and competitive interactions will vary inversely across abiotic stress gradients, with facilitation being more common when abiotic stress is high. The effect of competition intensity on species richness is generally thought to be negative, but tests along true stress gradients are lacking. This body of research ...

III Lehtonen, T. K. & Lindström, K.: Sexual selection for body size is determined by the intensity of male-male interactions in the sand goby IV Lehtonen, T. K. & Lindström, K.: Females decide whether size matters: plastic mate preferences tuned to the intensity of male-male competition

Plant-plant interference is the combined effect of allelopathy, resource competition, and many other factors. Separating allelopathy from resource competition is almost impossible in natural systems but it is important to evaluate the relative contribution of each of the two mechanisms on plant interference. Research on allelopathy in natural and cultivated plant communities has been hindered i...

Adaptation of osteochondral tissues is based on the strains experienced during exercise at each location within the joint. Different exercise intensities and types may induce particular site-specific strains, influencing osteochondral adaptation and potentially predisposing to injury. Our hypotheses were that patterns of equine distal tarsal subchondral bone (SCB) thickness relate to the type a...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the physical demands of professional rugby league match-play using microtechnology, and to compare these demands with typical training activities used to prepare players for competition. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Thirty elite rugby league players participated in this study. Seven hundred and eighty-six. training data sets and 104 data sets from Natio...