A person's belief about whether intelligence can change (called their implicit theory of intelligence) predicts something about that person's thinking and behavior. People who believe intelligence is fixed (called entity theorists) attribute failure to traits (i.e., "I failed the test because I'm not smart.") and tend to be less motivated in school; those who believe intelligence is malleable (...

Intentions are an important concept in Artiicial Intelligence and Cognitive Science. We present a formal theory of intentions and beliefs based on Discourse Representation Theory that captures many of their important logical properties. Unlike possible worlds approaches, this theory does not assume that agents are perfect reasoners, and gives a realistic view of their internal architecture; unl...

The intentional stance is the strategy of prediction and explanation that attributes beliefs, desires, and other "intentional" states to systems living and nonliving and predicts future behavior from what it would be rational for an agent to do, given those beliefs and desires. Any system whose performance can be thus predicted and explained is an intentional system, whatever its innards . The ...

Reasoning with incomplete or potentially incorrect knowledge is an important challenge for Artificial Intelligence. This paper presents a system that revises its knowledge about dynamic systems by constructing and evaluating explanations. Conceptual knowledge is represented using compositional model fragments, which are used to explain phenomena via model formulation. Metareasoning is used to (...

In previous work (G. Bonanno, Rational choice and AGM belief revision, Artificial Intelligence, 2009) a semantics for AGM belief revision was proposed based on choice frames, borrowed from the rational choice literature. In this paper we discuss how to use choice frames to analyze extensive-form games. Given an extensive form with perfect recall, a choice frame can be used to represent a player...

Standardized measures of intelligence, ability, or achievement are all measures of acquired knowledge and skill and have consistent relationships with multiple facets of success in life, including academic and job performance. Five persistent beliefs about ability tests have developed, including: (a) that there is no relationship with important outcomes like creativity or leadership, (b) that t...

We assume that safety of information stored in a database depends on the reliability of the agents who have performed the insertions in the database. We present a logic S to represent information safety, and to derive answers to standard queries and to safety queries. The design of this logic is based on signaling act theory. Two strong simplifications lead to a logic S” with two modalities to ...

Even though in Artificial Intelligence, a set of classical logical formulae is often called a belief base, reasoning about beliefs requires more than the language of classical logic. This paper proposes a simple logic whose atoms are beliefs and formulae are conjunctions, disjunctions and negations of beliefs. It enables an agent to reason about some beliefs of another agent as revealed by the ...

A longstanding problem in the social, biological, and computational sciences is to determine how groups of distributed individuals can form intelligent collective judgments. Since Galton's discovery of the "wisdom of crowds" [Galton F (1907) Nature 75:450-451], theories of collective intelligence have suggested that the accuracy of group judgments requires individuals to be either independent, ...

Introduction & Objective: Anxiety among medical students is a major psychological problem and in the newest meta-analysis, its global prevalence rate is estimated to be 33.8%. Accordingly and since spiritual intelligence training can affect to resolve fundamental issues and enhance individuals' adaptability by facilitating communication with a superior and sacred power and the development of re...