Based on standard histological methods and specific injection technique, the study demonstrates for the first time the blood vessel system of the scrotal integument.The latter is relatively thin and shows a thick underlying fascia, the tunica dartos. The vessel networks found in both structures are somewhat different from each other, i.e., the former displays the typical integumental vessel sch...

The girdle epidermis of adult Mopalia muscosa secretes several types of structures, including calcareous spicules and innervated hairs. Newly metamorphosed chitons superficially resemble adult animals, but they lack the adult girdle ornaments, shell sculpture, and coloration. The morphogenesis of the adult girdle structures has not been described previously for any species. Juvenile Mopalia mus...

7Sgamma2b antibody was found attached to and in the integument of adult Schistosoma mansoni removed from CF1 white mice. With the techniques used, IgA, IgM, 7Sgamma1, 7Sgamma2a, 7Sgamma3, and C3 complement were not found to be attached to the integumental surfaces. 7Sgamma2b does not seem to fix C3, and it is suggested this antibody may be acting in enhancing and blocking roles which protect th...

behind trochanter major, and an inch and a half apart from one another. One ball coursed upwards and forwards, then downwards in front of thigh bone and lodged under integument near apex of Scarpa's triangle ; the other first passed downwards behind the bone, then fracturing it. obliquely three inches above the knee, passed forwards and made its exit in front of the patella. The lower segment o...

Hair is a protective appendage on the body that is considered accessory structure of the integument. Hair follicle development takes place during fetal skin development and relies on tightly regulated ectodermal-mesodermal interactions. The morphological changes of the hair cycle have been very clear that hair morphogenesis and epidermal development are orchestrated by an array of growth factor...

Recent evidence for feathers in theropods has led to speculations that the largest tyrannosaurids, including Tyrannosaurus rex, were extensively feathered. We describe fossil integument from Tyrannosaurus and other tyrannosaurids (Albertosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Gorgosaurus and Tarbosaurus), confirming that these large-bodied forms possessed scaly, reptilian-like skin. Body size evolution in tyr...

Immature stages of Chelymorpha reimoseri Spaeth, 1928 are described in detail, including line drawings, chaetotaxy, sculpture of integument, and SEM photos of morphological details. It is the first detailed description of immatures in the genus Chelymorpha Chevrolat, 1836 and the fourth in the tribe Mesomphaliini Chapuis, 1875 which include chaetotaxy of the body. Diagnostic characters for this...