introduction: in order to fulfill the health and medical needs of rural people, iran's medical services insurance organization approved a plan to provide rural health insurance in 2005. the plan aimed to make an appropriate context for the activities of private health care service providers in the rural areas and to meet public expectations for access to specialized medical services. in this st...

asymmetric information in iran’s insurance market: case study for automobile insurance in iran insurance companythis research aims to test the presence of asymmetric information by using the dynamic information of automobile policyholders in the iran insurance company (iic). the conditional independence test is conducted by bivariate probit model, the dynamic properties which are presented for ...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 446 I. THE CURRENT TECHNOLOGY AND DETECTION ......................... 450 A. Current Technology ............................................................ 450 1. Add-ons, Plug-ins, Extensions, and Apps ..................... 450 2. Accessibility Programs .............................................

A pproximately 11 million people in the United States have diabetes, a disorder whose acute and chronic complications cost an estimated $20 billion annually (1). Numerous published studies have shown that education and self-care programs lead to reductions in the costs associated with diabetes (2-9). Continuing patient education for self-management is an integral component of diabetes treatment...

Attempts to explain disparities in access to health care faced by racial and ethnic minorities and other underserved populations often focus on individual-level factors such as demographics, personal health beliefs, and health insurance status. This article proposes an examination of these disparities-and an effort to redress them-through the lens of public health. Public health agencies can li...

Introduction The development of the Human Genome Project has raised many privacy concerns regarding the use of genetic screening in employment, health premium coverage, and data-mining. Moreover, what causes extreme concern is the lack of direct government regulation addressing the use of such information. There is no law directly addressing this issue or who should be given access to this info...

BACKGROUND The primary health care (PHC) network contributed considerably to improving health outcomes in rural Iran. However, the health system suffers from inadequate responses to ever-increasing demands. In 2005, a reform comprised of a family physician (FP) programme and universal health insurance was implemented in all rural areas and cities with a population of <20 000. We explored the ro...

BACKGROUND This study uses the relevance index to understand the condition of regional medical service use for cardiovascular surgery and to identify the medical service use imbalance between regions. METHODS This study calculated the relevance index of 16 metropolitan cities and provinces using resident registration address data from the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs...

BACKGROUND In France, methadone has historically been less accessible than buprenorphine. In 2008, a dry formulation (capsule) was introduced into the market, aimed in particular to improve methadone accessibility. OBJECTIVE To describe the impact (prevalence of use, patient profiles and compliance with requirements) of the dry methadone formulation in France. METHOD A retrospective cohort ...

We consider a G/M/1 queue with restricted accessibility in the sense that the maximal workload is bounded by 1. If the current workload Vt of the queue plus the service time of an arriving customer exceeds 1, only 1 − Vt of the service requirement is accepted. We are interested in the distribution of the idle period, which can be interpreted as the deficit at ruin for a risk reserve process Rt ...