We describe different procedures to deal with measurement error in linear models, and assess their performance in finite samples using Monte Carlo simulations, and data on corporate investment. We consider the standard instrumental variables approach proposed by Griliches and Hausman (1986) as extended by Biorn (2000) [OLS-IV], the Arellano and Bond (1991) instrumental variable estimator, and t...

In the past years, there have been an increasing number of instrumental investigations as to the nature of speech production errors, prompted by the concern that decades of transcription-based speech error data may be tainted by perceptual biases. While all of these instrumental studies suggest that errors are not, as previously thought, necessarily a matter of all-or-none, it is unclear what i...

Characterizing the Instrumental Variable Identifying Assumption as Sample Selection Conditions We build on Rosenzweig and Wolpin (2000) and Keane (2010) and show that in order to fulfill the Instrumental variable (IV) identifying moment condition, a policy must be designed so that compliers and non-compliers either have the same average error term, or have an error term ratio equal to their rel...

A pervasive problem in the literature on the health costs of pollution is that optimizing individuals may compensate for increases in pollution by reducing their exposure to protect their health. This implies that estimates of the health effects of pollution may vastly understate the full welfare effects of pollution, particularly for individuals most at risk who have the greatest incentive to ...

0. Is there any distinctive aspect of rationality that deserves the label of ―instrumental rationality‖? Recently, Joseph Raz (2005) has argued that instrumental rationality is a ―myth‖. In this essay, I shall give some qualified support to Raz‘s position: as I shall argue, many philosophers have indeed been seduced by certain myths about instrumental rationality. Nonetheless, Raz‘s conclusion ...

I Instrumental behavior refers to those actions whose acquisition and mainte­ nance depend on their consequences for the animal or, in others words, on the fact that the action is irzslrumClllal in causing some outcome. The func­ ,t tional significance of the capacity for instrumental action is gO obvious.as to require little comment; it is this capacity that allows us and other animals to lear...

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The integration of automation and robotics has significantly impacted various industries become a vital tool in repetitive risky human activities. Automation been instrumental reducing error, increasing efficiency, costs industries, such as manufacturing, logistics, agriculture, among others. Robotics, on the other hand, performing complex hazardous tasks health care, defense, construction.

Whereas the bearing of mass measurement error on protein identification is sometimes underestimated, uncertainty in observed peptide masses unavoidably translates to ambiguity in subsequent protein identifications. Although ongoing instrumental advances continue to make high accuracy mass spectrometry (MS) increasingly accessible, many proteomics experiments are still conducted with rather larg...