Learners’ step-by-step solutions can offer insight into their misunderstandings. Because of the difficulty of automatically interpreting freeform solutions, educational technologies often structure problem solving into particular patterns. Hypothesizing that structured interfaces may frustrate some learners, we conducted an experiment comparing two interfaces for solving equations: one requires...

The paper considers explanations for the kinds of categories that have been found to be involved in human behavior. It insists that embodiment not only plays an important role in shaping these categories, but also that the collective dynamics generated by social interaction is of equal importance. A case study is developed for speech sounds. We show through computer simulations how a group of a...

information law is an emerging field of study which its subject-matter, aims and issues are under-developing and formulation. there are three main approaches to information law issues and challenges: one approach, maintains that information is free or must be free, second approach, based on propertization, extends property protections to information, and third one insists on the cost-benefit co...