The lateral superior olive (LSO) is believed to encode differences in sound level at the two ears, a cue for azimuthal sound location. Most high-frequency-sensitive LSO neurons are binaural, receiving inputs from both ears. An inhibitory input from the contralateral ear, via the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), and excitatory input from the ipsilateral ear enable level differences t...

In this article, we investigate the use of wavelets for frequency tracking in the presence of high dynamics. In particular, we construct automatic frequency control loops that are based on correlating the incoming sinusoidal signal with Fourierbased functions and with Daubechies-4 wavelet functions. Both loops are compared based on their abilities to track an input frequency with varying degree...

Input current distortion in the vicinity of input voltage zero crossing of Boost single-phase active power factor corrected rectifier in high line frequency is studied based on one cycle control method in this paper. The current loop model and input admittance model of active power correction based on one cycle control is particularly analyzed. The results point out that its equivalent power st...

Ion channel stochasticity can influence the voltage dynamics of neuronal membrane, with stronger effects for smaller patches of membrane because of the correspondingly smaller number of channels. We examine this question with respect to first spike statistics in response to a periodic input of membrane patches including stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley channels, comparing these responses to spontaneou...

Uncovering how motoneurons utilize their voltage-sensitive conductances to systematically respond to a variety of inputs is paramount to understanding synaptic integration. In this study, we examine the input dynamics and frequency-dependent characteristics of active conductances in motoneurons as viewed from the soma in the decerebrate cat. We evaluated the somatic response of the motoneuron b...

This paper presents a computational model of a thalamocortical (TC) relay neuron that is used to explore the behaviour of the basal-ganglia thalamocortical loop in relation to Parkinson’s disease and deep brain stimulation. Low frequency oscillations associated with Parkinson’s disease impair thalamic processing by generating rebound action potentials. In the model the thalamocortical cell rece...

The two signals inserted into the two input ports are usually the Local Oscillator signal, and the incoming (for a receiver) or outgoing (for a transmitter) signal. To produce a new frequency (or new frequencies) requires a nonlinear device. In a mixing process if we want to produce an output frequency that is lower than the input signal frequency, then it is called down-conversion and if we wa...

Referring to Figure 1, a system for using a PLL to generate higher frequencies than the input, the VCO oscillates at an angular frequency of ωO. A portion of this signal is fed back to the error detector, via a frequency divider with a ratio 1/N. This divided down frequency is fed to one input of the error detector. The other input in this example is a fixed reference signal. The error detector...