An innovative technique for the enhancement of digital color images captured under extremely nonuniform lighting conditions is proposed in this paper. The key contributions of this technique are adaptive intensity enhancement, contrast enhancement and color restoration. Simultaneous enhancement of extreme dark and bright intensity regions in an image is performed by a specifically designed Loca...

Previous studies have focused considerable attention on the effects of estrogen on excitatory synaptic input to hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. Estrogen increases the density of dendritic spines and synapses on CA1 pyramidal cells and increases the sensitivity of these cells to excitatory synaptic input. Little is known, however, about the effects of estrogen on inhibitory synaptic input to CA...

Learning of a particularly difficult olfactory-discrimination (OD) task results in acquisition of rule learning. This remarkable enhancement in learning capability is accompanied by long-term enhancement of synaptic connectivity between piriform cortex (PC) pyramidal neurons. Because successful performance in the OD task requires integration of information about the identity and also about the ...

The deep superior colliculus (DSC) integrates multisensory input and triggers an orienting movement toward the source of stimulation (target). It would seem reasonable to suppose that input of an additional modality should always increase the amount of information received by a DSC neuron concerning a target. However, of all DSC neurons studied, only about one half in the cat and one-quarter in...

A large number of studies dealing with phonology have focused their attention on phonological production at the expense of phonological perception which provides the foundation stone for phonological production. This study focuses on phonological perception at phonemic level. The purpose of the study is helping beginning learners improve their perception of the English phonemes which are confus...

Histogram Equalization is a contrast enhancement technique in the image processing which uses the histogram of image. However histogram equalization is not the best method for contrast enhancement because the mean brightness of the output image is significantly different from the input image. There are several extensions of histogram equalization has been proposed to overcome the brightness pre...