Introduction: Otolaryngology is a field with a high referral rate; however, there is a dearth of research on the quality of referral letters written in this field. This study was carried out to explicitly assess the quality of referral letters, more specifically in the field of otology.   Materials and Methods: Two otologists assessed referral letters written by general ...

introduction & objective: one of the basic elements declared in positive psychology is the concept of happiness. researches have shown that without concerning how achieved, happiness can enhance our health. people who are happy feel more secure, decide easier, and are more satisfied of the people who live with. the aim of the present study was to measure the efficiency of teaching communicative...

background : there are various variables such as the duration and the client consistency' in using a special contraceptive method as well as some individual determinants. which play important roles in optimal using of different contraceptive methods. iud cu- 380a is a safe and an effective method used by 12.5% urban women in east azarbaijan. correlation between continuation rate of using iud cu...

conclusions our findings revealed that aerobic exercise increases self-esteem. an improvement in educational, family, social, and general self-esteem scores was seen only in the experimental group. results the results showed that although the self-esteem average score was not significant before the intervention, it increased significantly in the experimental group. in the experimental group, th...

a bstract background: in recent years, the lack of organ for transplantation has resulted in health planners and authorities in all countries, including iran, paying serious attention to the issue. despite the above-mentioned fact, families with a member affected by brain death are not interested in organ donation. objective: this study is aimed at making an investigation into the decision-maki...

objectives: liver cirrhosis can change many aspects of life of the patients and their family and effects society. we aimed to study the utility of cirrhosis from the point of view of the patients, their family, and their care takers to find appropriate interventions, and training and counselling programmes to support patients. methods: in this cross-sectional study with a goal-based sampling me...