A programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injection technique has been recently implemented in our laboratory. In present paper its performance is compared with other GC injection techniques commonly used in trace analysis of organic contaminants. Twenty-six pesticides representing different chemical classes were selected for the study. This group comprised compounds typically subjected to discr...

The effect of variable water injection timing on performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen fueled compression ignition (HFCI) engine has been investigated and the results are presented in this paper. In this study, water is injected from 20 BTDC to 20 ATDC with injection duration of 20 CA and 40 CA. Hydrogen is injected at the intake port with fixed injection timing from 0 CA to 40 C...

The overall heat transfer process within the in-cylinder for port injection hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine (H2ICE) has been investigated through simulation, while the experimental data has been utilized for validation purpose of the adopted numerical model. One-dimensional gas dynamics was used to describe the flow and heat transfer in the components of the engine model. The engine ...

gas motion within the cylinder is one of the major factors that control the combustion process in spark ignition engine. it also has significant impact on heat transfer. both the bulk gas motion and the turbulence characteristics of the flow are important and governing the overall behavior of the flow. an arrangement for obtaining a stratified charge, using port injection, is proposed for a cur...

Performance evaluation of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) and setting different emission standards has manifested the importance of pollution reduction as well as the optimal fuel consumption of these engines. Accordingly, the Engine Management Systems (EMS) are utilized which resulted in optimizing the power alongside the decrease in pollutant emission, through preparing the appropriate air...

Background In most cases, hydration is performed by water injection into the stromal tissue with a needle. The technique is simple, however it is sometimes troublesome. Purpose We describe a simple technique for hydrating the corneal stroma in cataract surgery using an irrigation port. Patients and methods The technique began by pushing the irrigation port against the corneal stroma for a f...