background although in many countries child abuse reporting is mandated, iranian nurses report abused cases voluntary. some of the cases are reported to the police and others are referred to welfare organizations or other non-governmental organizations. absence of a uniform reporting system along with a lack of legal support in the specific cultural context of iran has resulted challenges for t...

Background: Vaccination and observing hygienic measures were rendered necessary due to the spread of Covid-19. Yet, in spite effective immunizing role vaccines past, hesitancy about undergoing vaccination against Covid-19 has become a global issue. Objectives: The present study aimed investigate barriers facilitators vaccine injections from perspective people Yazd 2022. Methods: was population-...

abstract background: kangaroo mother care (kmc) is the most implementation intervention in caring of the infants, as in this method, both the mothers and infants are cared. the world health organization recommends implementation of kmc for all infants. however, there are some barriers in the way of its application. the purpose of this study was evaluation of the practical application of kmc and...

results of the 120 distributed questionnaires, 94 questionnaires were completed and returned (78.3%). about 56.6% of participants used the internet to answer the questions about their patients. there was a significant relationship between patient-related barriers and manager-related barriers (r = 0.237, p = 0.023). post hoc tests showed that there is a significant difference between the attitud...

We demonstrate a GaN quantum dot ultraviolet light-emitting diode that uses tunnel injection of carriers through AlN barriers into the active region. The quantum dot heterostructure is grown by molecular beam epitaxy on AlN templates. The large lattice mismatch between GaN and AlN favors the formation of GaN quantum dots in the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. Carrier injection by tunneling can ...

The multi-layered cell envelope structure of Gram-negative bacteria represents significant physical and chemical barriers for short-tailed phages to inject phage DNA into the host cytoplasm. Here we show that a DNA-injection protein of bacteriophage Sf6, gp12, forms a 465-kDa, decameric assembly in vitro. The electron microscopic structure of the gp12 assembly shows a ~150-Å, mushroom-like arch...

Perispinal injection is a novel emerging method of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Physiological barriers prevent macromolecules from efficiently penetrating into the CNS after systemic administration. Perispinal injection is designed to use the cerebrospinal venous system (CSVS) to enhance delivery of drugs to the CNS. It delivers a substance into the anatomic area posterior...

Widespread gene delivery to the retina is an important challenge for the treatment of retinal diseases, such as retinal dystrophies. We and others have recently shown that the intravenous injection of a self-complementary (sc) AAV9 vector can direct efficient cell transduction in the central nervous system, in both neonatal and adult animals. We show here that the intravenous injection of scAAV...