For a Czochralski growth of Ge crystal, thermal fields have been analysed numerically using the three-dimensional finite volume method (FLUENT package). The arrangement used in a real Czochralski crystal growth lab included a graphite crucible, heat shield, heating device, thermal insulation and chamber including two gas outlets. We have considered two cases for calculations, which are configur...

a trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of broiler birds which supplemented with a commercial inactivated probiotic. four hundred and fifty day old broiler chickens were allocated into 3 treatments with 6 replicates each. each replicate was placed on clean wood shavings in floor pens receiving feed and water ad libitum. in treatment 1, feed was supplemented with 500 g/ton of a heat-in...

initial cracks occur in high strength concrete sleepers for various reasons, such as shrinkage and wrong curing and long lifetime of over 50 years of sleepers. these cracks may lead to complete failure of the structure. in order to more accurately design the sleepers, fracture mechanics (not strength of materials) should be incorporated. in order to achieve this purpose, it is important to fore...

Observable variables capturing initial conditions can account for well over half of the variation in developing country growth rates. This paper investigates their role in explaining Africa's recent economic history. Should the origins of slow growth be traced to Africa's social arrangements, high inequality and ethnic diversity? Based on cross-country empirical work, this paper argues that the...

The initial growth mode of indium tin oxide on glass was studied. An interesting transition from a 3D island growth mode at low temperatures to 2D growth at higher temperature was observed. This transition from the Volmer-Weber mechanism to the Frank–van der Merwe mechanism occurs at about 150°C. It coincides with the transition from amorphous to polycrystalline growth of the thin films. © 1996...

An idealised model is presented and analysed to gain more fundamental understanding about the dynamics of phytoplankton blooms in well-mixed, suspended sediment dominated estuaries. The model describes the behaviour of subtidal currents, suspended sediments, nutrients and phytoplankton in a channel geometry. The initial growth of phytoplankton and its spatial distribution is calculated by solvi...

Single crystalline ZnSe nanowires were fabricated on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy technique via Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid reaction. The nucleation and initial growth of the nanowires were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was revealed that Au catalysts initially reacted with the substrate forming binary AuGa2 alloy droplets. The sizes of the...