Concept hierarchy knowledge, such as hyponymy and meronymy, is very important for various Natural Language Processing systems. While WordNet and Wikipedia are being manually constructed and maintained as lexical ontologies, many researchers have tackled how to extract concept hierarchies from very large corpora of text documents such as the Web not manually but automatically. However, their met...

This chapter provides a tutorial introduction to the use of MCMC in the analysis of data observed for multiple genetic loci on members of extended pedigrees in which there are many missing data. We introduce the specification of pedigrees and inheritance, and the structure of genetic models defining the dependence structure of data. We review exact computational algorithms which can provide a p...

UNLABELLED Uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA is pervasive in nonisogamic higher eukaryotes during sexual reproduction, and postzygotic and/or prezygotic factors are shown to be important in ensuring such an inheritance pattern. Although the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans undergoes sexual production with isogamic partners of opposite mating types a and α, most progeny derived from suc...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Many complex diseases show a diversity of inheritance patterns ranging from familial disease, manifesting with autosomal dominant inheritance, through to simplex families in which only one person is affected, manifesting as apparently sporadic disease. The role of ascertainment bias in generating apparent patterns of inheritance is often overlooked. We therefore explored the rol...

Idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) was thought to be a congenital disease traditionally, even though several published reports assumed IHPS was an acquired disease. The pathogenesis and inheritance patterns of IHPS are not fully understood. Except for the familial recurrence of IHPS, concordance of IHPS in monozygotic or dizygotic twins was also noted, but occurrence in female twin...

the remarkable and varied molecular and cellular mechanisms that produce these patterns. I will also consider the evolutionary consequences of uniparental inheritance and some of the proposed evolutionary explanations for this remarkable difference between the inheritance of organelle and nuclear genes. Patterns and mechanisms of uniparental inheritance vary widely Correns studied the four-o'cl...

The inheritance pattern of monogenic inheritable disorders influences the proportion of unaffected embryos after preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). We aimed to investigate the influence of the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) on the outcome after PGD. Eighty-four cycles of 47 couples were included in our analysis. All couples were at risk of transmitting autosomal recessive, autos...

Since our original report (1), we now have 412 patients in the International Hereditary Pancreatitis Registry. Sixteen patients have developed biopsyproven pancreatic cancer, with a parent of origin known for 11 patients—all paternal. Adding the two patients in the recent correspondence by Lerch et al. (2) makes 13 patients with a known parent of origin, of which 11 parents are paternal and two...