The purpose of this work is to provide information on the development infrastructure African economy. study provides statistics regions and industries. This article focuses forms economic social infrastructure, directs determine share infrastructural in Africa. Africa has entered an era devastating change shows that with unfolding downturn northern economies have traditionally dominated global ...

This article reports six overarching lessons learned from seven pioneering initiatives in the pay-for-quality (P4Q) movement. These lessons relate to the specific design and implementation challenges sponsors of P4Q programs can expect. The lessons are: (1) P4Q can prioritize providers' quality goals, (2) provider engagement is difficult, (3) P4Q escalates concerns for data accuracy and validit...

The paper considers the local provision of public infrastructure when population is mobile. It shows that inflexible deficit limitation may result in too little local public investment if population is perfectly mobile in the long run. Conversely, given the existence of migration externalities, implementing Musgrave's pay as you use finance, according to which new debt should match net investme...

In many countries, Next Generation Access networks (NGA) deployment and penetration rate proceed at a slower pace than expected. We argue that an ex ante contractual arrangement among access Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Content Providers (CPs), which builds on the complementarity between infrastructure and content, can promote the roll out of NGA. Di erent from co-investment of ISPs, a...

This paper empirically assesses United States direct investment in the European Union. In that respect, market size, growth rate, labor costs, export flows and tariff barriers have already been shown to influence U.S. foreign direct investment in the European Union. The present paper enlarges the field of knowledge on the matter by: (i) exploring the impact of two locational determinants of for...

T his study investigates the effects of extra-ECOWAS merchandise trade and investment flows on the transmission of business cycles in the selected ECOWAS between 1985 and 2014.  The study finds that total trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly influence the transmission of business cycles with elasticities of 1.1 and 0.7, respectively in the long run. There are little vari...