Background. A caries lesion causes changes in the optical properties of the affected tissue. Currently a caries lesion can be detected only at a relatively late stage of development. Caries diagnosis also suffers from high interobserver variance. Methods. This is a pilot study to test the suitability of an optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for caries diagnosis. Reflectance visible/near-i...

OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess agreement between an intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system and histology in coronary autopsy specimens. BACKGROUND Lipid core plaques cannot be detected by conventional tests, yet are suspected to be the cause of most acute coronary syndromes. Near-infrared spectroscopy is widely used to determine the chemical content of substances. A NI...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a unique method of monitoring infant brain function by measuring the changes in the concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. During the past 10 years, NIRS measurement of the developing brain has rapidly expanded. In this article, a brief discussion of the general principles of NIRS, including its technical advantages and limitations, ...

Proper application of livestock manure to agricultural land converts waste to fertilizer, but relies on knowing the nutrient content of the manure. Manure samples (111 solid poultry layer, 95 solid poultry broiler litter, 39 swine solid hoop, 72 beef cattle, 85 swine slurry, and 88 swine liquid lagoon) were collected from farms in three states to investigate the feasibility and limitations for ...

Postural control requires complex visuo-sensorimotor coordination, and previous studies have revealed that the cortical contribution is very important in the maintenance of bipedal posture in humans. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could enable us to measure cortical activation during dynamic movements, including balance and postural tasks, and could provide novel insight into the ...

We describe the extension of a computational model of blood flow and metabolism in the piglet brain to investigate changes in neonatal intracellular brain pH during hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The model is able to simulate near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements obtained from HI experiments conducted in piglets. We adopt a method of using (31)P-MRS da...

Currently, common optical techniques to measure tissue oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) include time domain (TD), frequency (FD), and continuous wave (CW) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). While TD- FD-NIRS can provide absolute hemoglobin concentration, these systems are often complex expensive. CW-N...

In livestock nutrition, summative models (SM) are displacing empirical models as a preferred method to predict energy content of forages. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine nutrient subcomponents required of SM on overall ability to predict energy content of corn and legume-grass silages. Corn (n = 90) and ...

This chapter aims to shed light on developmental cognitive neuroscience studies that use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine the cortical response in developmental psychology and child psychiatry. NIRS was first applied to the human brain in 1977 (Jöbsis, 1977) for the noninvasive measurement of the haemodynamic activation in the cerebral cortex. NIRS is advantageous over other neuroim...

Neonates supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are at high risk of brain injury due to haemodynamic instability. In order to monitor cerebral and peripheral (muscle) haemodynamic and oxygenation changes in this population we used a dual-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system. In addition, to assess interrelations between NIRS and systemic variables, collected simulta...