Fifteen strains of influenza C virus were isolated from abattoir pigs in China in 1981 and antibody against influenza C virus was found in pig sera. Virus survey also showed seasonal activity of influenza C virus in pigs. Additionally, experimental infection of pigs with influenza C virus demonstrated that Chinese domestic pigs could be infected by influenza C virus and that the virus could be ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that humans exhale fine particles during tidal breathing but little is known of their composition, particularly during infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a study of influenza infected patients to characterize influenza virus and particle concentrations in their exhaled breath. Patients presenting with influenza-like-illness, confirmed infl...

background and aims: influenza a virus infects birds and some mammalian including human. h1 and h3 subtypes are circulated in both human and birds’ population. to determine the prevalence of the mentioned subtypes in birds, different captive bird species in tehran zoo, and affiliated centers in tehran were investigated for virus infection. methods: in this study, between november 2008 and febru...

influenza a virus is now considered to be widespread in poultry and has demonstrated the ability to infect humans in iran. for laboratory diagnosis of these respiratory viruses, it is essential to have rapid methods, able to detect viruses in early stages of the infection in clinical specimens. the real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction n (rrt-pcr) assay has been established ...

We describe virus variations from patients with influenza-like illness before and after the appearance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Kenya during January 2008-July 2011. A total of 11,592 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from consenting patients. Seasonal influenza B, A/H1N1, A/H3N2, A/H5N1, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain r...

We describe virus variations from patients with influenza-like illness before and after the appearance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Kenya during January 2008–July 2011. A total of 11,592 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from consenting patients. Seasonal influenza B, A/H1N1, A/H3N2, A/H5N1, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were detected by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain r...

One-step growth curves of five strains of influenza A, one strain of swine influenza, and three strains of influenza B virus have been analyzed. The influenza A and swine influenza strains showed constant periods of 5 to 6 hours before newly formed virus was liberated from the infected cells, whereas 8 to 10 hours elapsed in the case of the influenza B strains. The yield of virus in the allanto...

background & aim: the recent study was conducted to investigate the effects of thyme extract in drinking water on immune response of broiler chickens. experimental:  a total of 245 day-old broiler chicks were purchased and 20 chicks were bled for determination maternal antibody and remaining chicks divided into 5 equal groups. chickens of group a, b and c received 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% ofthy...

background and aims: adenovirus is one of the causative agents of viral conjunctivitis. approximately an average of 40% of viral conjunctivitis is due to adenovirus infection. the rate of infection is usually the highest during the spring and summer months. in this study attempt was made to evaluate the incidence of conjunctivitis due to adenovirus infection in patients referred to one of the a...