The rapidSTRIPE H1N1 test, based on a nucleic acid lateral-flow assay, has been developed for diagnosis of a swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus. This test is simple and cost-effective and allows specific detection of the S-OIV A (H1N1) virus from swab sampling to final detection on a lateral-flow stripe within 2 to 3 h.

During 2013, a novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza A virus (IAV) emerged in China and subsequently caused large economic and public health burdens. We experimentally infected three common peridomestic wild mammals with H7N9 (A/Anhui/1/2013) IAV. Striped skunks exhibited the highest burden of disease followed by raccoons and cottontail rabbits. Striped skunks also produced the highest levels of vi...

The emergence of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus in humans and subsequent discovery that it was of swine influenza virus lineages raised concern over the safety of pork. Pigs experimentally infected with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus developed respiratory disease; however, there was no evidence for systemic disease to suggest that pork from pigs infected with H1N1 influenza woul...

The distribution of antibodies against swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses among hogs in Miyagi Prefecture was examined. Of 456 serum specimens collected since July 1977, 12 were found to be positive against swine influenza virus and 6 against Hong Kong influenza virus. Such serological results reveal that swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses coexist in Japanese hogs and suggest that swine i...

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avian influenza virus (aiv) infection is a major cause of bird or human mortality and morbidity, therefore the rapid identification of the virus is of important clinical and epidemiological implication. methods: a multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) was optimized for the detection of influenza a virus and the h5 and h9 subtypes. the influenza type a specific primers were directed to th...

Background and Aims: Avian Influenza (AI) H9N2 subtype was first reported to infect turkeys in the United States in 1966 and has been panzootic in Europe and Asia. The impact of avian influenza caused by H9N2 viruses in Iran is now significantly more severe than in previous years. Methods: Sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of the complete coding region Polymerase A (PA) gene of H9N2 subt...

The antigenic relationships of strains of the human and swine influenza viruses have presented a puzzling problem for investigation. Soon after studies on this subject were undertaken, it became evident that some of the apparent antigenic differences determined by a variety of methods were not significant. The differences were considered to be quantitative rather than qualitative, which led to ...

Influenza A viruses, the pathogens responsible for the recent swine flu outbreak and many historical pandemics, remain a threat to the public health. We report herein the fabrication of self-disinfecting surfaces from photoactive building nanocrystals, which can inactivate influenza viruses rapidly, spontaneously and continuously under visible light illumination.

A transmission experiment involving 5-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) piglets, with (MDA(+)) or without maternally-derived antibodies (MDA(-)), was carried out to evaluate the impact of passive immunity on the transmission of a swine influenza A virus (swIAV). In each group (MDA(+)/MDA(-)), 2 seeders were placed with 4 piglets in direct contact and 5 in indirect contact (3 replicates per ...