When there are bigger obstacles in the indoor environment such as elevator, the radio waves basically can not penetrate it. The contribution of received signal strength by transmission and reflection will be greatly reduced, and most of the time, the radio waves will reach the user by bypass diffraction. Therefore, the traditional path loss model is no longer applicable, and the improved model ...

We describe a mechanism for performing probabilistic reasoning in influence diagrams us­ ing interval rather than point valued probabilities. We derive the procedures for node removal (corresponding to conditional expectation) and arc reversal (corresponding to Bayesian condi­ tioning) in influence diagrams where lower bounds on probabilities are stored at each node. The resulting bounds for th...

While influence diagrams have many ad­ vantages as a representation framework for Bayesian decision problems, they have a se­ rious drawback in handling asymmetric de­ cision problems. To be represented in an influence diagram, an asymmetric decision problem must be symmetrized. A consid­ erable amount of unnecessary computation may be involved when a symmetrized influ­ ence diagram is evaluate...

This paper empirically investigates the impact of normative social influence on group homogeneity in media preferences and group meeting outcomes in a setting where 58 student groups voluntarily used various communication media over a three-month software development project period. Group homogeneity in media preferences was argued to mediate the impact of normative social influence on group me...

Binary Superposed Decision Diagrams (BSQDDs) are a new type of quantum decision diagram that can be used for representing arbitrary quantum superpositions. One major advantage of BSQDDs is that they are dependent on the types of gates used in synthesis and a BSQDD can be used to efficiently generate a quantum array that will initialize the quantum superposition that the BSQDD represents. Transf...

This study examines the impact of legitimacy on the dynamics of interorganizational networks within the nongovernmental organizations’ children’s rights community. The 27-year period of analysis included a critical community event: the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Building on theories of organizational evolution, hypotheses proposed that (1) ...

Normative dimensions constitute one of the important elements in the Theory of Reasoned Action (TORA) model. However, the changes of lifestyle over period and different societies have spurred the TORA model constitution and also to vary interpretation of the model itself towards intention to purchase the green food product.Therefore, this paper aims to explorethe underlying dimensionsof normati...

1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Post Office Box 2008, Mail Stop 6414 Computational Sciences and Engineering Division Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6414 Phone: 865-574-0834 Fax: 865-241-6211 [email protected] 2 Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico PO Box 5800, Mail Stop 0455 Advanced Information and Control Systems Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0455 Phone: 505-845-8846 Fax: 505-844-9641 lrphill@...

The authors look at online tip exchanges as parts of gift economies created by the players and designers of console and online role-playing games in Taiwan. A group of experienced players and tip contributors agreed to be interviewed about the mechanisms and processes of providing free strategy guides on the Internet. Their comments reveal needs for social approval and networking in addition to...

This study examined the processing correlates of aspectual coercion among native and non-native speakers of English. For native English speakers, results suggested that the processing delay associated with aspectual coercion is minimal. Aspectual coercion was perhaps cognitively easy to perform. By contrast, non-native speakers of English from unlike first language (L1) backgrounds differed in ...