It is commonly accepted that the process of pidginization leads to a loss of inflectional morphology, but this loss is often not total. Lexifier inflections instead follow a cline of reduction: full retention – partial retention – partial lexicalization – full lexicalization – full loss. This article examines the retention of inflection in 29 languages that reflect a history of pidginization in...

Dr. Alfred Hoppe of Forschuugsgruppe LIMAS has developed a pro / cedure for a reversible data flow (Figure I). 'In the matrix/%hree ~ different quantities are connected together. For analysis~he grammatical description of an inflected form is determined by combining the inflection class with the ending. For example the German verb ~ehen is composed of the stem ~eh and the ending e_~u. The lexic...

The German plural system has recently become a focal point for conflicting theories of language, both linguistic and cognitive. Marcus et al. (1995) highlight the German plural as support for the dual-route account of inflectional morphology first proposed by Pinker and colleagues (Pinker & Prince, 1988). On the dual-route account, inflectional morphology is universally subserved by a symbolic ...

The coefficient of consolidation in the Terzaghi theory of consolidation has been commonly determined by fitting the theory to observed compression with time in an incremental loading oedometer test. The Terzaghi theory is applicable to compression and swelling. A similar coefficient governed by horizontal permeability is used in the Barron formulation of consolidation with vertical drains. The...

The main goal of this article is to outline a new approach to syncretism in optimality theory, one that does not rely on the concept of underspecification taken over from grammatical theories which do not recognize constraint ranking and constraint violability. The analysis is based on a concept of morphological exponents as leading forms. Instances of syncretism can be traced back to the selec...

This study reports the results of two behavioral and two event-related brain potential (ERP) experiments examining the processing of inflected words in advanced second language (L2) learners with Russian as their native language (L1) who learnt German as an L2 after childhood. Two different subsystems of German inflection were studied, participial inflection and noun plurals. For participial fo...

This study compared the different fatigue processes of electrically elicited static and dynamic muscle contractions of quadriceps in five paraplegic subjects. An electrodynamometer was utilized for recording the generated torque output and controlling the isokinetic dynamic movements. Stimulus-evoked electromyography (EMG), after artifact suppression, was used to observe the fatigue process. Be...

Many languages make use of verbal forms to express spatial relations and distinctions. Spatial notions are lexicalized into verb roots, as in come and go; they are expressed by derivational morphology such as Ineseño Chumash maquti ‘hither and thither’ or Shasta ehée ‘downward’ (Mithun 1999: 140-141); and, I will argue, they are expressed by verbal inflectional morphology in Nez Perce. This ver...

This study examined whether German regular and irregular verb inflection is processed in continuous or categorical ways. Two visual priming experiments contrasted regular (regular stem, regular suffix) with two types of irregular participle formation (regular/irregular stem, irregular suffix). We measured reaction times (RT; Experiment 1) and event-related potentials (ERPs; Experiment 2) and ma...

A series of studies on the small protein barnase in the 1990s established it as a paradigm for protein folding in which there is a kinetically important intermediate. But, a recent study in PNAS claims that there are no stable intermediates on the folding pathway. I summarize the evidence that proves that the folding kinetics of barnase is inconsistent with the absence of a folding intermediate...