Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that accounts for 60 to 80 percent of all dementia cases. The exact cause of Alzheimer`s disease is still unknown, but recent studies suggest neuro-inflammation as an important part of the pathogenesis of the disease. This brings in mind using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) as treatment or prevention of the disease. ...

Understanding the important role of non-specific immune response in protecting body against development numerous diseases has become partially possible after discovery several classes pattern recognition receptors (PRR), such as Toll-like or NOD-like receptors. A group cytoplasmic proteins called inflammasome, which detect PAMP and DAMP through PRR receptors, is able to activate pro-inflammator...

Ischemic stroke has been classified as a merely thrombotic disease, so the main goal of its treatment is the recanalization of the occluded vasculature. However, despite fast restoration of blood circulation, progressive stroke still develops in many patients, which has led to the concept of reperfusion injury.  The underlying mechanism is only partly known. Though, it is accepted now, tha...

Sleep plays a vital role in regulating physiological mechanisms in the human body. Nowadays, by the change of lifestyle and as a consequence of longer work hours and increased accessibility to media, sleep disturbance becomes a common problem in modern society. Many studies demonstrated that sleep disturbance triggers a systemic low-grade inflammation by increasing the level of several cytokine...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a condition in which the ER protein-folding machinery impaired, leading to accumulation of improperly folded proteins and triggering an unfolded-protein response. Excessive causes cell death contributes development chronic diseases. Interestingly, there bidirectional relationship between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Curcumin, natural polyphenolic ...

Fish skin mucus is the first line of defense that provides physical and chemical barriers against pathogens toxins. The produced continuously sloughed off regularly from to defend infections through skin. However, molecular properties content prevent pathogen invasion are yet be fully understood. In this study, a proteomic approach using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) was applie...

Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disabling mental condition that its proteomic profiling is not yet investigated. Proteomics is a valuable tool to discover biomarker approaches. It can be helpful to detect protein expression changes in complex disorders such as OCD. Methods: Here, by the application of 2D gel electrophoresis (2DE), a pilot study of serum proteome profile ...

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease, of which the incidence has increased in recent years. BP characterized by circulating IgG and IgE autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 BP230. Although trigger inflammatory cascades that lead to blister formation, effector cells cell-mediated autoimmunity must also be considered as important factors pathogenesis BP...

Over the past two decades, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been implicated in inflammatory responses and autoimmunity. HSPs were originally believed to maintain protein quality control in the cytosol. However, they also exist extracellularly and appear to act as inflammatory factors. Recently, a growing body of evidence suggested that the other class of stress proteins such as, endoplasmic reti...

Papain-like protease is a SARSCOV-2 that functions for ubiquitination in host cells. Caffeine compounds have been widely reported to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities. However, hexose malic acid coffee rind as potential inhibitors of the papain-like SARSCOV2 not reported. This study investigated PLPro inhibitor agents inhibiting ubiquitination. In silico s...