Hemorrhagic shock (HS) promotes the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ injury by activating and priming the innate immune system for an exaggerated inflammatory response through, as of yet, unclear mechanisms. IL-1β also plays an important role in the development of post-HS systemic inflammatory response syndrome and active IL-1β production is tightly controlled by...

Radiation exposure induces cell and tissue damage, causing local and systemic inflammatory responses. Because the inflammasome pathway is triggered by cell death and danger-associated molecular patterns, we hypothesized that the inflammasome may signal acute and chronic immune responses to radiation. Using a mouse radiation model, we show that radiation induces a dose-dependent increase in infl...

Several lines of evidence suggest that the inflammasome activation is involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relation between Parkinson's disease (PD) and the inflammasome is still unclear. This study was designed to assess the involvement of inflammasome in acute experimental PD. Specifically, acute PD was induced in C57BL/6 mice by an injection of 1-methyl-4-p...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Relief In article number 2214693, Yunjiao Zhang and co-workers demonstrate 2D cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets (Co NSs) with excellent multienzyme-like activity as potential inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome pyroptosis. Owing to the robust reactive oxygen species scavenging oligomerization inhibiting ability, Co NSs block assembly activation inflammasome, thereby exhibit...

DNA, when inadvertently present in the cytosol, acts as a danger signal alarming the host of infection or cellular damage and triggers a potent innate immune response characterized by the induction of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines. The two major DNA sensors mediating these responses are the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and the inflammasome forming receptor absent in melanoma 2 (AI...

DNA, when inadvertently present in the cytosol, acts as a danger signal alarming the host of infection or cellular damage and triggers a potent innate immune response characterized by the induction of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines. The two major DNA sensors mediating these responses are the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and the inflammasome forming receptor absent in melanoma 2 (AI...

Inflammasome has emerged recently as an unexpected sensor for metabolic danger and stress. Indeed, it has been implicated in the development of major diseases such as gout, type 2 diabetes, and obesity-induced insulin resistance and is increasingly suspected of playing a major role in other human pathologies such as cancer, asbestosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The inflammasome is a protein comp...

Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) has been reported to possess immune activity against tumors and infections through stimulation of mononuclear phagocytes. Recently, AbM extract was shown to induce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in human monocytes. IL-1β is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by activated macrophages and monocytes and its secretion is s...

Nod-like receptors (NLRs) comprise a large family of intracellular pattern- recognition receptors. Members of the NLR family assemble into large multiprotein complexes, termed the inflammasomes. The NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is triggered by a diverse set of molecules and signals, and forms the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent studies have indicated that both DNA and RNA viruses st...

Clinical evidence that the blockade of IL-1β in type-2 diabetic patients improves glycemia is indicative of an autoinflammatory mechanism that may trigger adiposity-driven pancreatic damage. IL-1β is a key contributor to the obesity-induced inflammation and subsequent insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Our previous studies demonstrated that the ...