Although there is detailed knowledge on the organization of the motor neurons supplying the extraocular muscles, there are still some discrepancies concerning the results of different studies. This study is planned to reexamine the distribution of the motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus of the rat. In the present study we used 20 young adult Sprague-Dawley rats in four groups which represen...

The selectivity of axonal regeneration to the extraocular muscles in teleosts has been reinvestigated by mapping, with retrogradely transported HRP, the motor pools of the muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve. In normal goldfish, the motoneurons of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles formed discrete, nonoverlapping motor pools; the motor pool of the medial r...

PURPOSE Eye motility disorders with axial high myopia and an enlarged globe are often characterized by a hypotropia of the affected eye, usually referred to as heavy-eye syndrome. Based on an intuitive interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) images, the cause of the hypotropia has typically been assigned to the rectus muscles. In this study, the hypothesis that the oblique muscles play an imp...

PURPOSE To determine subjective and objective cyclorotatory changes after surgery for oblique muscle disorders and to analyze the mechanisms of the well-known, long-term, postoperative, subjective cyclotorsional changes. METHODS Twenty-six patients underwent unilateral inferior oblique muscle recession for strabismus sursoadductorius (inferior oblique overfunction). Subjective and objective c...

To the Editors: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) encompasses all types of tachycardia that start from above the bifurcation of the bundle of His with a heart rate ranging from 150 to 250 beats/min in children.1,2 Paroxysmal SVT occurs suddenly and can end rapidly.1 We describe a healthy 3-year-old boy who developed primary SVT during intraoperative extraocular muscle manipulation. Our patient...

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of acquired superior oblique palsy (SOP) and corrective strabismus surgery on torsional optokinetic nystagmus (tOKN) in monkeys. METHODS The trochlear nerve was severed intracranially in two rhesus monkeys (M1 and M2). For each monkey, more than 4 months after the SOP, the ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle was denervated and extirpated. For M2, 4 months la...

To evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes of inferior oblique muscle recession (IO Rec) for the treatment of superior oblique palsy (SOP). We retrospectively studied 18 consecutive patients who had undergone IO Rec for the treatment of SOP. A follow-up of at least five years after the operation was required to be included in the study. In results the preoperative vertical deviation was 10.6 ±...

To evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes of anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle (ATIO) in the treatment of vertical deviations resulting from superior oblique palsy (SOP). We retrospectively studied seven consecutive patients who had undergone ATIO for the treatment of SOP. A follow-up of at least five years after the operation was required to be included in the study. In r...