TO THE EDITOR—We read with interest the recent article by Venkatesan et al [1], which proposes a consensus guideline of the International Encephalitis Consortium for case definition and diagnostic algorithms in encephalitis. The authors define encephalitis as inflammation of the brain parenchyma associated with neurologic dysfunction, diagnosed on the basis of selected clinical, laboratory, ele...

Infectious Common HIV/AIDS Typhoid fever Babesiosis Malaria Uncommon Viral hepatitis Tuberculosis Histoplasmosis Brucellosis Noninfectious Common Sarcoidosis Chronic corticosteroid use Antilymphocyte globulin Cancer chemotherapy Radiation therapy Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Hodgkin’s disease Chronic alcohol abuse Uncommon CD4 lymphocytopenia Severe combined immunodeficienc...

• Listeria monocytogenes causing abortion and iritis in cattle and abortion, encephalitis and enteritis in sheep • Severe outbreak of MCF investigated • Strep. uberis the most common isolate from mastitis submissions • High post-weaning mortality in pigs investigated • Infectious Bursal Disease causes losses in a flock of 89 week old layer pullets • Further deaths of wild birds associated with ...

A patient with herpes simplex virus encephalitis is described. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid. PCR allows the rapid diagnosis of many infectious organisms, such as HSV, in which prompt diagnosis is essential.

To investigate whether uncharacterized infectious agents were associated with neurologic disease, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 12 children with acute central nervous system infection. A high-throughput pyrosequencing screen detected human parvovirus 4 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of 2 children with encephalitis of unknown etiology.

Accumulated data based on experiences with curtico,teroids in the management uf infectious disea­ses, have proved that they are very dfective and ,afe drugs provided that are administered properly.  The Corticosteroids arc administered mainly be­c,1usc o; antitoxic, antiimflammatory a11d antiallcrgic effects, the cndotoxius are ncuturalized, generalized body reactions are diminished, damaged t...

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a group of central nervous system (CNS) disorders caused by a wide range of viruses, bacteria, fungi, chemicals and toxins. It is important to distinguish between various forms of infectious encephalitis with similar clinical manifestations in order to ensure specific and accurate...

The brainstems of four sheep with spontaneous listeric encephalitis had scattered small foci of inflammatory cells (neutrophils or macrophages, or both) with scattered fragments of degenerating nerve fibers and glial cells. In extensive areas of malacia in the pons and medulla oblongata, there was loss of parenchyma with massive accumulation of macrophages, a few neutrophils, lymphocytes and pl...

OBJECTIVES To examine the long-term motor and neurocognitive outcome of children with acute encephalitis and to look at possible prognostic factors. METHODS Children who were treated for acute encephalitis in 2000-2010 were reevaluated. All children and their parents were interviewed by using structured questionnaires, and the children underwent full neurologic examinations, along with compre...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Japanese encephalitis virus infection is a sporadic infectious disease in Taiwan. Despite progress in laboratory examinations and imaging studies, diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis remains underestimated. This study was conducted to identify clinical symptoms and laboratory findings that may assist in early identification of this disease. METHODS This retrospective stu...