background: the baby-friendly hospital initiative was launched in 1989 by world health organization and the united nations children's fund for the promotion of breastfeeding. this program was implemented in many departments of gynecology and obstetrics and resulted in reduced malnutrition, infection, morbidity and mortality in children. this program has introduced 10 specific steps to supp...

background & aim: many parents do not believe in their ability to fulfill their parental responsibilities. parental self-efficacy is crucial to parents’ sense of well-being and is considered a predictor for quality of life. however, evidence is scarce on the factors that influence parents’ perception of efficacy. therefore, this study aimed to investigate the predictors for parental self-effica...

background plain radiography and contrast radiologic studies are traditionally the main options in evaluating neonates presenting with bilious vomiting. while ultrasonography (us) is more available, its diagnostic accuracy is in question. objectives the purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of us in evaluating these patients with bilious vomiting. patients and methods al...

background: considering the controversial information regarding the effects of perchlorate on thyroid function of high risk population as neonates, and given the high prevalence rate of thyroid disorders specially congenital hypothyroidism in our region, this study aims to investigate for the frst time in iran, the relationship between drinking groundwater perchlorate and cord blood thyroid hor...

conclusions our findings show that lactobacillus strains with human origin had a mild inhibitory activity against the diarrheagenic e. coli, and these strains may be useful as probiotic candidates in prevention of intestinal infections caused by diarrheagenic e. coli. results a total of 20 lactobacillus isolates were identified from stool samples. lactobacillus fermentum was the most frequently...

objective: an abrupt refusal by the infant to breastfeed is often called “nursing strike”. in fact a common reason for cessation of nursing is infant’s refusal to breast feed. this problem can often be overcome. this paper has aimed to identify the causes of “breast feeding refusal” or “nursing strike” in 6 month old infants visiting the east tehran health center for their scheduled vaccination...

newborns’ bacterial infections due to group b streptococcus (gbs) happen in two forms including early-onset disease or late-onset disease. in this paper, we report a case of early-onset gbs infection in a male infant. a 22-year-old primigravid woman delivers a term normal looking male infant. nasal flaring, grunting, and poor feeding presented soon after birth. an empiric treatment with intrave...

BACKGROUND Infectious diseases (IDs) are an important cause of infant mortality in the United States. This study describes maternal and infant characteristics associated with infant ID deaths in the United States. METHODS Infant deaths with an ID underlying cause of death occurring in the United States were examined using the 2008-2009 Period Linked Birth/Infant Death public use data files. A...

OBJECTIVES This report presents 2009 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data set (linked file) by maternal and infant characteristics. The linked file differs from the mortality file, which is based entirely on death certificate data. METHODS Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted. RESULTS The infant mortality rate in the United Stat...

BACKGROUND It is recommended that formula-fed infants are given standard whey-based infant formula throughout the first year of life, unless otherwise advised by healthcare professionals. To our knowledge it has not yet been explored if parents are using a whey-based infant formula throughout the first 12 months of life. Reasons for parental choice of formula are also unknown. Therefore, the ob...