In contrast with the case of health care, distributional fairness of long-term care (LTC) services in Europe has received limited attention. Given the increased relevance of LTC in the social policy agenda it is timely to evaluate the evidence on inequality and horizontal inequity by socio-economic status (SES) in the use of LTC and to identify the socio-economic factors that drive them. We add...

BACKGROUND In this study we investigated the distribution of self-reported health care utilisation by education and household income in a county population in Norway, in a universal public health care system based on ideals of equal access for all according to need, and not according to wealth. METHODS The study included 24,147 women and 20,608 men aged 20 years and above in the third Nord-Tr...

The literature on team cooperation has neglected the effects of relative kindness intention on cooperation, which we measure by comparing the kindness intentions of an agent to her group members to the kindness shown by other members to this same agent. We argue that the agent's emotional reaction to material payoff inequity is not constant, but rather affected by her relative kindness intentio...

Moralbehaviorandconcern forothersare sometimesargued tosethumansapart fromother species. However, there is some evidence that humans are not the only animal species to possess these characteristics.Work frombehavioral biology andneurosciencehas indicated that some of these traits are present in other species, including other primates. Studying these behaviors in other species can inform us abou...

Primates are social animals, and their survival depends on social interactions with others. Especially important for social interactions and welfare is the observation of rewards obtained by other individuals and the comparison with own reward. The fundamental social decision variable for the comparison process is reward inequity, defined by an asymmetric reward distribution among individuals. ...

This paper presents new international comparative evidence on the factors driving inequalities in the use of GP and specialist services in 12 EU member states. The data are taken from the 1996 wave of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). We examine two types of utilisation (the probability of a visit and the conditional number of positive visits) for two types of medical care: general...

An area that remains relatively unexamined in the literature on older people is horizontal equity in health care service use. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of income-related inequity in the use of GP, inpatient, outpatient and dentist services among individuals aged 65 and older in the UK between 1997 and 2003 using data from the BHPS. The probability of GP, outpatient,...

Reciprocity is a core institution that allows diverse individuals to engage in collective action. Collective action is essential to meet the goals of sustainable development. The twin goals of sustainable development are to protect the well-being of individuals and ecosystems in ways that are socially just. These twin goals constitute the win-win paradigm. However, tradeoffs in socialecological...

INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND Debate over relationships between economic growth, wealth, health and health inequity is long-standing and ongoing. The main message of this paper is that economic growth, while necessary, is not a sufficient condition in itself for achieving equitable health. SOURCES OF DATA This review surveys and draws on research into principal factors commonly linked with impro...

OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at analysing socioeconomic inequity regarding the use of health services in Ecuador, inequity regarding the geographic distribution of healthcare-related human resources and reflecting on the challenges concerning equity which the Ecuadorian health system is currently facing. METHODS The Ecuadorian Demographic, Maternal and Infant Health Survey (2004) was...