Viral infection, which entails synthesis of viral proteins and active reproduction the genome, effects significant changes in functions many intracellular systems plants. Along with these processes, a virus has to suppress cellular defense create favorable conditions for its successful systemic spread plant. The exploits various factors permissive host modulating metabolism as well local transp...

1 Herbivores may negatively impact plant populations by reducing the survival, growth and reproduction of individual plants. 2 In African savannas, browsing by large mammalian herbivores has been shown repeatedly to reduce adult survival and growth of members of the genus Acacia , the dominant trees in these systems. However, the potential costs of mammalian herbivory to Acacia reproduction are...

the term reflex epilepsy in reserved for a small subgroup o seizures that occur regularly in response to specific stimuli. our patient is a 20- year old male, who had pleasure, euphoria, loss of conciousness and generalized tonic- clonic convulstion when he watched tv since ten years. during puberty the patient that self-induced reflex epilepsy with photic stimulation, when watching tv or looki...