Individual-based microbial ecology (IBME) is a developing field of study in need of experimental tools to quantify the individual experience and performance of microorganisms in their natural habitats. We describe here the conception and application of a single-cell bioreporter approach with broad utility in IBME. It is based on the dilution of stable green fluorescent protein (GFP) in dividing...

Body odors regulate social, sexual and endocrine responses of many species. Specialized structures have evolved to produce and detect odorous signals. Individual identity, often communicated through body odor, can be critical in mate choice, incest avoidance, parental care and other inter-individual interactions. Because of the importance of individual identity, particularly among social specie...

“The development of the foundations of physics in the twentieth century has taught us a serious lesson. Creating and understanding these foundations turned out to have very little to do with the epistemological abstractions which were of such importance to the twentieth century critics of the foundations of mathematics: finiteness, consistency, constructibility, and, in general, the Cartesian n...

This paper challenges two main arguments often presented to show that cloning a human being would be morally wrong per se. These arguments are that human cloning would be intrinsically wrong 1) because it involves manufacturing a person rather than creating or reproducing one, and 2) because it violates some claim or right that individuals have to be biologically unique. I argue that while clon...

art of Kant’s reason for writing the first Critique is to show the limits of theoretical reason; one of these limits is its inability to experience transcendence, to cognize supersensible objects, to intuit the sublime. But Kant doesn’t thereby want to make these experiences impossible—indeed, part of his reason for writing the second and third Critiques, along with such works as Religion withi...

From the standpoint of a systematic approach, process teacher’s cognition integral individuality student is considered. The purpose study: through integration various theories and approaches, to substantiate new system-integrative approach pedagogical students by teacher. Research objective: show that systems "subject", "integral individuality", "cognition" form trinity ensures functioning resu...

Abstract— Authorship attribution, the science of inferring characteristics of author from characteristics of documents written by that author become an urgent need to find the original author of anonymous text. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed that attempts to measure the style variation of author using character n-gram profiles. This proposed method is a different approach to identi...

The 19 century Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard was a profoundly religious thinker. He is also regarded as the father of Existentialism, one of the most important philosophical movements of the 20 century. The term ‘existentialist’ is applied to those philosophers, like Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, who held that the foundation of all philosophical thought is to be found in the actual,...

Ellen Clarke Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research Altenberg, Austria [email protected] Abstract Darwin described forces of selection acting upon individuals, but there remains a great deal of controversy about the exact status and definition of a biological individual. Recently some authors have argued that the individual is dispensable—that an inability to pin it d...