Scholars, journalists, and activists working on climate change often distinguish between “individual” “structural” approaches to decarbonization. The former concern choices individuals can make reduce their “personal carbon footprint” (e.g. eating less meat). latter changes institutions, laws, other social structures. These two are framed as oppositional, representing a mutually exclusive force...

Semantic externalism in contemporary philosophy of language typically – and often tacitly – combines two supervenience claims about idiolectical meaning (i.e., meaning in the language system of an individual speaker). The first claim is that the meaning of a word in a speaker’s idiolect may vary without any variation in her intrinsic, physical properties. The second is that the meaning of a wor...

There are presently, or so it seems to me, three main views about the individuation of the content of intentional mental states. First, there is the no content view: the view that the content (of an intentional mental state) is an ordinary folk pre-scientific concept which can play no role in a respectable mature scientific psychology. Second there is a dualist (or bifurcationist) view of conte...

philosophy of liberalism has affected the nursing profession. feminism and pragmatism are some aspects of liberalism in nursing. individualism and egalitarianism are problematic for nursing implementation. free economy and superior individualism are principles in liberalism which create problems in nursing. a lot of problems in nursing profession are based on liberalism philosophy. we think abo...