the pollution of aquatic ecosystems may affect natural reproduction of fish populations by decreasing the fertilization efficiency. among the various sources of pollution, heavy metals are important group, being found in both freshwater and marine environment. the present study investigated changes of sperm characteristics of caspimyzon wagneri when exposed to manganese (mn). spermatozoids were...

Although many approaches have been presented to compute and predict readability of documents in different languages, the information provided by readability systems often fail to show in a clear and understandable way how difficult a document is and which aspects contribute to content readability. We address this issue by presenting a system that, for a given document in Italian, provides not o...

Williams et al. (1976) have suggested the use of Guttman scaling for scoring an index of disability. Two examples confirm the applicability of this method in the context of survey research. One of these examples is of a disablement scale widely employed in local authority social services research. For the purpose of survey assessment of disabled populations, the precise choice of scaling method...

In a clinical context, the term "overweight" usually connotes adiposity, an excess of body fat. In the absence of any direct or simple indirect methods of measuring total body fat, medical research workers often use formulae (indices) which relate body weight to stature. So far as we know, the uses and limitations of such formulae have never been critically examined. It is obvious that no formu...

In this talk we consider some results and open problems from the Chemical Graph Theory, mainly concerning structural indices/properties. The Atom Bond Connectivity index, also known as ABC index was defined by Estrada [4] with relation to the energy of formation of alkanes. It was quickly recognized that this index reflects important structural properties of graphs in general. The ABC index was...

Myanmar and Thailand often experience severe droughts and floods that cause irreparable damage to the socio-economy condition of both countries. In this study, the Southeastern Asian Summer Monsoon variation is found to be the main element of interannual precipitation variation of the region, more than the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ENSO influence is evident only during the boreal...

Diversity indices are frequently applied in the form of ratios of absolute diversity to the maximum diversity possible. Regardless of whether the maximum diversity is defined to be limited by the number of species or by the number of individuals present, the resultant indices can be shown to possess mathematically undesirable qualities. All such indices, including equitability as measured by Pi...

A generalization of the classical statistics \maj" and \inv" (the major index and number of inversions) on words is introduced, parame-terized by arbitrary graphs on the underlying alphabet. The question of characterizing those graphs that lead to equi-distributed \inv" and \maj" is posed and answered. R esum e: On introduit une g en eralisation des statistiques classiques que sont \maj" et \in...

The paper attempts to develop a suitable accessibility index for networks where each link has a value such that a smaller number is preferred like distance, cost, or travel time. A measure called distance sum is characterized by three independent properties: anonymity, an appropriately chosen independence axiom, and dominance preservation, which requires that a node not far to any other is at l...

This paper studies power indices based on average representations of a weighted game. If restricted to account for the lack of power of dummy voters, average representations become coherent measures of voting power, with power distributions being proportional to the distribution of weights in the average representation. This makes these indices representationcompatible, a property not fulfilled...