Researchers and scholars have been attracted by the idea of using integrated writing task along with independent writing task to best assess the EFL learners’ writing competence. This study was conducted to compare the writing performance of EFL students in integrated and independent writing tasks. It also aimed to find out if writing performance varies with task types. A number of thirty Irani...

We derive the distribution of the eigenvalues of a large sample covariance matrix when the data is dependent in time. More precisely, the dependence for each variable i = 1, . . . , p is modelled as a linear process (Xi,t)t=1,...,n = ( ∑∞ j=0 cjZi,t−j)t=1,...,n, where {Zi,t} are assumed to be independent random variables with finite fourth moments. If the sample size n and the number of variabl...

Empirical analyses on income and wealth inequality those in other fields economics finance often face the difficulty that data is heterogeneous, heavy-tailed or correlated some unknown fashion. The paper focuses applications of recently developed \textit{t}-statistic based robust inference approaches analysis measures their comparisons under above problems. Following approaches, particular, a l...

The changes in learning patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic demanded students to take initiative, persevere, and learn independently. Thus, this study examines level of students’ self-directed readiness. research design used was quantitative with a descriptive method. A total 285 participants – 46 male 239 female were included sample. measuring instrument readiness scale. Data analysis done u...

Researchers and scholars have been attracted by the idea of using integrated writing task along with independent writing task to best assess the EFL learners’ writing competence. This study was conducted to compare the writing performance of EFL students in integrated and independent writing tasks. It also aimed to find out if writing performance varies with task types. A number of thirty Irani...