In this study an analytical model for open loop pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) is presented. The model predicts the effect of different parameters such as evaporator temperature, length of evaporator, filling ratio, number of turn and tube diameter on PHP's performance. The governing equations in two phase flow including mass, momentum and energy equations are solved for both one dimensional liqu...

With increasing frequency, the developing countries and the people living there are being affected by disasters. More and more often, development efforts are being destroyed. The reason for this trend is their growing vulnerability, which in turn is the result of economic and social development processes, such as the expansion of settlements and agricultural land in risk areas. The economic a...

Dust events of Iran mainly originate from Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and inland territories which are influenced by droughts and Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) degradation in regional scale. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of Regional Vegetation Cover Degradation (RVCD), particularly Regional Rangeland Cover Degradation (RRCD) on frequency of dusty days in western pro...

The evolution of the biosphere exhibits a trend of increasing complexity of the most complex organisms. Even though we are uncertain about the proper way to measure complexity, it is hard to deny that the earliest prokaryotic cells are simpler than the eukaryotic cells that arose from them, and these were simpler than the multicellular life forms that evolved from them, and so on. But it is con...

In order to explore the nature of the 850μm flux difference between powerful radio galaxies and steep radiospectrum quasars at z∼1.5 reported by Willott et al. (2002), we have observed 9 sources from their sample of 11 quasars at 1.25 mm. For 7 sources the 1.25 mm fluxes are much brighter than one would expect from a purely thermal dust model fitted to the submm data, providing evidence for the...