The flux-pinning mechanism and activation energy of 10 wt % malic acid-doped MgB2 were investigated by measuring of the critical current density and resistivity as a function of magnetic field and temperature. A crossover field, Bsb, was observed from the single vortex to the small vortex bundle pinning regime. For the sintered sample, the temperature dependence of Bsb(T) at low temperature i...

We previously demonstrated that prodynorphin (PDYN) haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2281285 are associated with alcohol dependence and the propensity to drink in negative emotional states, and recent studies suggest that PDYN gene effects on substance dependence risk may be sex-related. We examined sex-dependent associations of PDYN variation with alcohol dependence and re...

The recent literature on path-dependence provides a model that can be used in explanation of ethnic conflict and settlement processes. Using Northern Ireland as a case study, this article ies this paper suggests that it is indeed possible to identify path-dependent patternsIt ortance , the generation of ‘endogenous’ processes of change, these. It shows how and why factors such as power, percept...

Recent epidemiologic studies have revealed that comorbidity of psychiatric disorders is far more pervasive than previously suspected. Strong associations have been reported between specific substance use disorders and between any mental disorder and any substance use disorder. This report focuses on comorbidity of nicotine dependence, a substance use disorder on which little epidemiologic infor...

BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are common among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), as are adverse health behaviours, but the associations between these factors are unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and depression and anxiety in MS in a cross-Canada prospective study. METHODS From July 2010 to March 2011 we recruited consecutive MS p...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in camp and some other cellular ingredients following adenyl cyclase activation in paragigantocellularis (pgi) neurons of morphine dependent and withdrawn rats. material and methods: the 3.5 mm thick brainstem slice prepared from pgi area (-10.04 to -13.24 from bregma) of control and morphine dependent rats (n=5 in each group). wer...

BACKGROUND This study examines the relations between birth cohort, gender, and family history of alcohol problems on alcohol dependence, and on the endorsement of alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms related to antisocial behavior. METHODS Men (n = 1,365) and women (n = 625) were recruited from the community, hospitals, and other treatment sites and were given a structured diagnostic interview. ...

Disaster exposure may exacerbate psychopathology and substance-related disorders. Four months after September 11, 2001, using random-digit dialing to contact a representative sample of adults (N = 2001) living in New York City, we assessed cigarette smoking and symptoms of probable cigarette dependence using measures from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. A total of 36.8% of smokers r...