The aim of our paper is to construct a multidimensional financial inclusion (FI) index measure the level FI in 91 countries across different income groups. In order address research problem, we use principal component analysis method. This approach addresses criticism arbitrary selection weights and reflects degree depth. data are drawn from International Monetary Fund (IMF) Financial Access Su...

Relevance. Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and international trade are traditionally viewed as key drive of economic integration globalization. At the same time, relationship between these phenomena is ambiguous both from theoretical empirical points view. This study contributes to existing literature by analyzing outward for countries with different levels income per capita. Research ...

The present article has been prepared based on two field research studies undertaken to identify the vulnerable strata in rural areas of Iran’s Garmsar and Dasht-e Azadegan regions2. As will be demonstrated below, the findings of the two studies show that the development policies implemented during recent decades--policies emphasizing strategies of structural adjustment, liberalization, and pri...