Knowledge of bacteriophage ecology in vegetable fermentations is essential for developing phage control strategies for consistent and high quality of fermented vegetable products. The ecology of phages infecting lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in commercial sauerkraut fermentations was investigated. Brine samples were taken from four commercial sauerkraut fermentation tanks over a 60- or 100-day per...

BACKGROUND Although high-throughput sequencing of small subunit rRNA genes has revolutionized our understanding of microbial ecosystems, these technologies generate data at depths that benefit from automated analysis. Here we present AXIOME (Automation, eXtension, and Integration Of Microbial Ecology), a highly flexible and extensible management tool for popular microbial ecology analysis packa...

Several ecologic factors have been proposed to describe the mechanisms whereby host ecology and the environment influence the transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds, including bird's foraging behavior, migratory pattern, seasonal congregation, the rate of recruitment of juvenile birds, and abiotic factors. However, these ecologic factors are derived from studies that have ...

objective:investigating the microbes and interactions of the beneficial symbiotic relationships between the components of the system ecology in the food chains and life cycles is one of the modern sustainable agriculture topics. in this regard, to evaluate the effects of bacteria and vermicompost on morphological characteristics and yield of soybean an experiment was conducted as split plot in ...

Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, U.S.A. Animal and Plant Sciences, Unive...

1 Ecology and Biodiversity, Department Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands, 4 Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ...

Marine biology,marine ecology,Phytoplankton, marine algae, zooplankton, nekton, benthos, corals and coral reefs, ecology, zoogeography systematics, primary production experimental work on ecosystem including energy flow at different trophic levels, population dynamics theoretical models, recycling of matter, influence environmental factors metabolic activity, microbiology, mariculture propagati...

Marine biology,marine ecology,Phytoplankton, marine algae, zooplankton, nekton, benthos, corals and coral reefs, ecology, zoogeography systematics, primary production experimental work on ecosystem including energy flow at different trophic levels, population dynamics theoretical models, recycling of matter, influence environmental factors metabolic activity, microbiology, mariculture propagati...

Growing evidence indicates parasite inclusion in food-web analyses is a logical default. Comparisons of food webs including and excluding host-parasite interactions demonstrate the influence of parasites on community dynamics. Although including parasites is undoubtedly informative, the necessary level of detail exists for only a handful of systems. In a recent Ecology Letters article, Lafferty...

map is the most important tool for cognizance in the field of geography and is the best instrument for presentation of geographic information. the study of ecology in general, which means the study of relationship between man and his environment, is only possible by means of maps. as a tool for ecology and manifestation of human sovereignty over environment, the map has served political power-h...