This paper investigates the impact of stable boundary-layer (SBL) mixing in a vertical diffusion package on the simulated climatology in a regional model. In contrast to previous studies, we focus on the sensitivity of the simulated climatology to the representation of SBL processes in the modelled atmosphere, paying particular attention to precipitation and associated large-scale patterns. The...

Coupled processes between the equatorial ocean and atmosphere control the spatial structure of the annualmean state in the Pacific region, in particular the warm pool–cold tongue structure. At the same time, coupled processes are known to be responsible for the variability about this mean state, in particular the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon. In this paper, the connection between bot...

Historical climatology is defined as a “research field situated at the interface of climato­ logy and (environmental) history dealing mainly with documentary evidence and using the methodology of both climatology and history” (Brázdil et al., 2005). following the same source, “(i) it aims at reconstructing temporal and spatial patterns of weather and climate, as well as climate related natural ...

Winter mixed layer characteristics in the North Pacific Ocean are examined and compared between Argo floats in 2006 and the World Ocean Atlas 2001 (WOA01) climatology for a series of named water masses, North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW), Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW), North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW), Light Central Mode Water (LCMW) and Dense Central Mode Water (DCMW). T...

A T-S volumetric census, with a resolution of 0.2°C and 0.1 psu, for years 20-25 of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Community Modeling Effort eddy-resolving simulation of the equatorial and North Atlantic Ocean, reveals how the thermohalipe character of the model has changed from the initial conditions, which were taken from the Levitus climatology. Any changes in the thermohaline struct...

This paper considers a generalized model of [G. Skoulakis and R. J. Adler, Ann. Appl. Probab., 11 (2001), pp.488-543]. We show the existence of superprocesses in a random medium (flow) with location dependent branching. Technically, we make use of a duality relation to establish the uniqueness of the martingale problem and to obtain the moment formulas which generalize those of [G. Skoulakis an...

We consider the classical optimal dividend control problem which was proposed by de Finetti [Trans. XVth Internat. Congress Actuaries 2 (1957) 433–443]. Recently Avram, Palmowski and Pistorius [Ann. Appl. Probab. 17 (2007) 156–180] studied the case when the risk process is modeled by a general spectrally negative Lévy process. We draw upon their results and give sufficient conditions under whic...

In this paper we find the explicit solution of the equation A∗X + X∗A = B for linear bounded operators on Hilbert spaces, where X is the unknown operator. This solution is expressed in terms of the MoorePenrose inverse of the operator A. Thus, results of J. H. Hodges (Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. 44 (1957) 245–550) are extended to the infinite dimensional settings. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of...

A GFDL 3-D global generalized tracer field is adapted to provide a preliminary simulation of the reactive nitrogen (NOY) climatology in an unpolluted troposphere which has, as its sole source, downward transport of stratospheric NOY. The tracer field is scaled so that its downward cross-tropopause flux is balanced by the stratospheric production of NOY. While the model results show stratospheri...