Focusing on the government-led health service in UK, this paper explores experiences of family caregivers, responsible for co-ordinating healthcare older adults experiencing vulnerability during pandemic. Data were collected through a 6-month covert netnography, culminating 322 relevant forum topics and 2607 posts. The findings reveal that both ageing consumers their carers experience captivity...

On August 2017, I observed a Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) wearing an anklet at Mizumoto Park, Tokyo. Thereafter, such goshawk eleven times until early April 2018. In all records, the individual was juvenile. Characteristics of plumage and presence suggested that observation records were derived from one or few individuals, which had escaped captivity. If last same as first one, it surv...

Daily activity rhythms are nearly universal among animals and their specific pattern is an adaptation of each species to its ecological niche. Owing to the extremely consistent nocturnal patterns of activity shown by golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in the laboratory, this species is a prime model for studying the mechanisms controlling circadian rhythms. In contrast to laboratory data, w...

This review considers the study by A. Di Michele, professor at Free University of Bolzano (South Tyrol), dedicated to pre-war and military experience, as well experience captivity Italian-speaking soldiers Austro-Hungarian army during World War I. The main emphasis is placed on its role in process their ethno-cultural ethno-political self-identification, directly related population identity pol...

Horseshoe crab (HSC) amebocyte cells degranulate to form a gel clot when in contact with endotoxins. This phenomenon is the basis of both horseshoe immune system and detection endotoxin biologicals. captive rearing has been suggested as promising method for continuous cell harvesting. Hence, we aimed investigate quality Tachypleus gigas pre post bleeding under captivity. Wild crabs (5 months ca...

In this study, we investigated travel captivity from the perspective of satisfaction. Using survey data 565 commuters in Portland, Oregon, compared satisfaction with most recent commute trip (using chosen mode) and hypothetical if using an alternative mode. The difference between mode – referred to as gap was used a fine-grained proxy measure captivity. Results indicate that active (walk/bicycl...

The aims of this study were to verify the distribution of births of captive maned wolves Chrysocyon brachyurus and the causes of their deaths during the period from 1980 to 1998, based on the registry of births and deaths in the International Studbook for Maned Wolves. To determine birth distribution and average litter size, 361 parturitions were analyzed for the 1989-98 period. To analyze caus...

Animals maintain complex associations with a diverse microbiota living in their guts. Our understanding of the ecology of these associations is extremely limited in reptiles. Here, we report an in-depth study into the microbial ecology of gut communities in three syntopic and viviparous lizard species (two omnivores: Liolaemus parvus and Liolaemus ruibali and an herbivore: Phymaturus williamsi)...

Animals in captive or laboratory settings may outperform wild animals of the same species in both frequency and diversity of tool use, a phenomenon here termed 'captivity bias'. Although speculative at this stage, a logical conclusion from this concept is that animals whose tool-use behaviour is observed solely under natural conditions may be judged cognitively or physically inferior than if th...

Carotenoid-based plumage coloration of birds has been hypothesized to honestly reflect individual quality, either because carotenoids are difficult to acquire via food or because of a trade-off in allocation of carotenoids between maintenance and signaling functions. We tested whether differential foraging ability is a necessary precondition for maintaining individual differences in carotenoid-...