Implicit learning is the process of acquiring knowledge about the structure of a complex stimulus environment largely independent of conscious awareness of either the process or the products of acquisition. In the present study, a new method of measuring implicit learning using immediate memory span capacity was developed. This method avoids many of the conceptual and methodological pitfalls fo...

Title of Document: USING NEW MEASURES OF IMPLICIT L2 KNOWLEDGE TO STUDY THE INTERFACE OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE Yuichi Suzuki, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Directed By: Dr. Robert M. DeKeyser, Second Language Acquisition Second language acquisition (SLA) becomes extremely difficult for late second language (L2) learners, who are assumed to have passed the sensitive or critical period for...

The ability to perform accurate sequential movements is essential to normal motor function. Learning a sequential motor behavior is comprised of two basic components: explicit identification of the order in which the sequence elements should be performed and implicit acquisition of spatial accuracy for each element. Here we investigated the time course of learning of these components for a firs...

Implicit learning, the non-conscious acquisition of sequential and spatial environmental regularities, underlies skills such as language, social intuition, or detecting a target in a complex scene. We examined relationships between a variation of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene (SLC6A3), which influences dopamine transporter expression in the striatum, and two forms of implicit learning th...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) belongs to the sleep-related breathing disorders and is associated with cognitive impairments in learning and memory functions. The impairments in attention-demanding cognitive functions such as working memory and executive functions are well established in OSA; however, it remains unknown if less attention-demanding implicit sequence learning is affected. In the p...

Statistical learning has been studied as a mechanism by which people automatically and implicitly learn patterns in the environment. Here, we sought to examine general assumptions about statistical learning, including whether the learning is long-term, and whether it can occur implicitly. We exposed participants to a stream of stimuli, then tested them immediately after, or 24h after, exposure,...

This paper draws on an approach that conceptualizes L2 learning difficulty in terms of implicit and explicit knowledge. In a study with L1 Mexican Spanish university-level learners (n=30), their teachers (n=11) and applied linguistics experts (n=3), we investigated the relationship between (a) these groups’ difficulty judgements of 13 selected L2 English structures and (b) perceived learning di...

Online learning algorithms have recently risen to prominence due to their strong theoretical guarantees and an increasing number of practical applications for large-scale data analysis problems. In this paper, we analyze a class of online learning algorithms based on fixed potentials and nonlinearized losses, which yields algorithms with implicit update rules. We show how to efficiently compute...

all of whom contributed critical and stimulating discussion about the issues. Portions of this chapter were adapted from Cleeremans (1994) and from Cleeremans (1995).